LOCATION BINGHAMVILLE VT+NHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Typic Epiaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Binghamville silt loam, on a nearly level area in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; many roots; less than 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 11 inches thick)
Bg1--11 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; moderate fine angular blocky structure; friable; few roots; less than 2 percent rock fragments; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation and few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 13 inches thick)
Bg2--20 to 27 inches; olive gray (5Y 2/2) silt loam; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; few roots; less than 2 percent rock fragments; few fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions and common medium prominent brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 13 inches thick)
Cg1--27 to 45 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; weak thin platy structure; firm; less than 2 percent rock fragments; common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; neutral; gradual irregular boundary. (11 to 18 inches)
Cg2--45 to 65 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak thin platy structure; firm; less than 2 percent rock fragments; few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Franklin County, Vermont; Town of Swanton; 1 1/2 miles south of village of Swanton, 150 yards east of town road No. 21, in a field; latitude 44 degrees, 54 minutes, 10 seconds N., longitude 73 degrees, 8 minutes, 14 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 15 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock or clay layers is more than 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 2 percent. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral in the surface horizon, from strongly acid to neutral in the subsoil, and from moderately acid to neutral in the substratum.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam, silt, or very fine sandy loam. Structure is weak or moderate, fine or medium granular. Consistence is friable or very friable.
The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam, silt, or very fine sandy loam. Structure is weak or moderate, fine or medium granular, or angular or subangular blocky. Consistence ranges from very friable to firm.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam, silt, or very fine sandy loam. Some pedons have texture of silty clay loam in the Cg horizon. Structure is weak to strong, very thin to thick platy or very fine to medium subangular blocky. Consistence is firm or very firm.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. The Akan, Biddeford, Birdsall, Evansville, Munson, Raynham, and Scantic series are in related families. Akan and Evansville soils are from outside of Region R. They have more than 18 percent clay in the particle size control section. Biddeford and Scantic soils have more than 35 percent clay in the particle size control section. Birdsall soils have an umbric epipedon and are very poorly drained. Munson soils have more than 35 percent clay in the substratum. Raynham soils have a horizon with chroma of 3 or more within 30 inches of the mineral soil surface.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Binghamville soils are level to gently sloping soils on glacial lake plains. They are in depressions and drainageways and on toeslopes of swells and knolls. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent but is dominantly between 1 and 3 percent. They formed in silty glaciolacustrine deposits. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 44 inches. The frost-free season ranges from 100 to 150 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Belgrade, Birdsall, Hartland, Munson, Raynham, and Scantic soils. Belgrade, Hartland, and Munson soils are on higher positions on the landscape. Belgrade and Hartland soils do not have redoximorphic features in the upper part of the solum. Munson soils are somewhat poorly drained. Raynham and Scantic soils are on similar landscape positions. Raynham soils have a horizon with chroma of 3 or more within 30 inches of the mineral soil surface. Scantic soils have more than 35 percent clay in the particle size control section. Birdsall soils are in lower position on the landscape, have umbric epipedons, and are very poorly drained.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer, moderate to moderately slow in the subsoil, and slow in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cleared areas of these soils are used for growing hay or silage corn. The remaining areas are idle or forested. Common trees are eastern white pine, yellow birch, red maple, white spruce, and red spruce.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Vermont and New Hampshire (MLRA 142 and 144A). The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Franklin County, Vermont, 1976.
REMARKS: 1. The classification is updated to the 7th edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy with this revision. The previous classification was coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Haplaquepts.
2. The diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 11 inches (Ap horizon).
b. Cambic horizon - the zone from 11 to 27 inches (Bg horizon).
c. Redoximorphic features - masses of iron accumulation, iron depletions and an iron depleted matrix (Bg and Cg horizons.