LOCATION BINNA MT
Established Series
Rev. COC-JB-JCK
04/2021
BINNA SERIES
The Binna series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium. These soils are on alluvial fans, fan remnants, and stream terraces. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 305 mm, and mean annual temperature is about 7 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Calciustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Binna loam, cultivated (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
Ap--0 to 23 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine roots; many fine pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (18 to 38 cm thick)
Bk1--23 to 33 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; many fine pores; finely disseminated carbonates; 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bk2--33 to 61 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; many fine pores; carbonate coats on the surfaces of rock fragments; common distinct soft calcium carbonate masses in the matrix and distinct carbonate casts on the bottom of rock fragments; 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); clear wavy boundary.
Bk3--61 to 71 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) gravelly sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive; hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; distinct carbonate coats on surfaces of rock fragments; finely disseminated carbonates and prominent carbonate casts on bottom of rock fragments; 20 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual boundary. (Combined thickness of Bk horizons is 20 to 89 cm)
2Bk4--71 to 104 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very gravelly loamy sand, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; single grain; loose; slightly sticky and nonplastic; finely disseminated carbonates and distinct carbonate casts on bottom of rock fragments; 60 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0). (0 to 38 cm thick)
2C--104 to 152 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very gravelly loamy sand, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; single grain; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; finely disseminated carbonates; 60 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Cascade County; Montana; 366 meters east and 549 meters north of SW corner of sec. 14, T. 20 N., R. 3 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 5.5 to 8.3 degrees C
Mollic epipedon thickness - 18 to 38 cm
Depth to lithologic discontinuity - 50 to 100 cm
Some pedons have a Bw horizon.
A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay loam, silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent--0 to 25 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent
Reaction: pH 7.8 to 9.0
Bk1, Bk2 horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 7 or 8 dry; 4, 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, silt loam, sandy loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 10 to 27 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent--0 to 25 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent
Reaction: pH 8.0 to 9.0
Bk3 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 7 or 8 dry; 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 30 percent--0 to 20 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 30 percent
Reaction: pH 8.0 to 9.0
2Bk4 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent--30 to 65 percent gravel, 5 to 15 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 25 percent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 9.0
2C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7 dry; 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, 4 or 6
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent--30 to 65 percent gravel, 5 to 35 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 30 percent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 9.0
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - alluvial fans, fan remnants, and stream terraces
Elevation - 732 to 1,460 meters
Slope - 0 to 15 percent
Parent material - alluvium
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers
Mean annual precipitation - 254 to 356 cm
Mean annual air temperature - 4.4 to 7.2 degrees C
Frost-free period - 80 to 135 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listed.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderate permeability above the discontinuity, rapid below.
USE AND VEGETATION: Binna soils are used mainly for irrigated and nonirrigated crops and for rangeland. Potential native vegetation is mainly bluebunch wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, needleandthread, forbs, and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Binna soils are moderately extensive and occur mainly in west-central Montana. MLRAs 44B, 46, 52, and 58A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cascade County, Montana, 1975.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - from 0 to 23 cm (Ap horizon)
Calcic horizon - from 23 to 104 cm (Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, 2Bk4 horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity - at 71 cm (2Bk4 horizon)
Particle-size control section - from 25 to 100 cm (part of the Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, 2Bk4 horizons)
Binna soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime that borders on aridic.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil interpretations records: MT0081, MT1086, MT1122.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.