LOCATION BOONE              WI+IA IL MN NE
Established Series
Rev. JEL-TAM-PMW
10/2008

BOONE SERIES


The Boone series consists of excessively drained soils which are moderately deep to a paralithic contact with sandstone. These soils formed in 50 to 100 centimeters of siliceous sandy residuum from the underlying sandstone and/or in siliceous sandy colluvium or slope alluvium. These soils are on hills in bedrock controlled uplands. Slope ranges from 1 to 90 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 775 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mesic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments

TYPICAL PEDON: Boone sand, from an area of Boone-Elevasil complex, on a convex, west-facing slope of 28 percent, at an elevation of about 293 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oe--0 to 2 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moderately decomposed plant material; about 45 percent fiber and 20 percent rubbed; weak thin platy structure; non-sticky; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 8 centimeters thick)

A--2 to 8 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clean sand grains throughout; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 16 centimeters thick)

E--8 to 20 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots; about 14 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 21 centimeters thick)

Bw--20 to 53 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; about 13 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (9 to 64 centimeters thick)

C--53 to 89 centimeters; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; about 10 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (25 to 77 centimeters thick)

Cr--89 to 152 centimeters; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) weakly cemented sandstone.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Jackson County, Wisconsin; located about 1.5 miles south and 2 miles west of Melrose; about 1,280 feet north and 2000 feet west of the southeast corner of section 24, T. 19 N., R. 6 W.; USGS North Bend topographic quadrangle; latitude 44 degrees 6 minutes 13 seconds N., longitude 91 degrees 02 minutes 24 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the paralithic contact with sandstone--50 to 100 centimeters
The weighted average content of silt plus clay is 5 percent or less in the particle-size control section and the weighted average content of weatherable minerals is less than 10 percent (0.02 to 2 mm fraction)
Rock outcrops are in some areas and a rocky phase is recognized

O horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 to 2
Moderately decomposed plant material

A horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 to 5
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Clay content--2 to 12 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent channers, 0 to 5 percent flagstones
Reaction--extremely acid to slightly acid

Ap horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Clay content--2 to 12 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent channers, 0 to 5 percent flagstones
Reaction--extremely acid to neutral

E horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or the channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 5 percent
Sand content--85 to 98 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent channers, 0 to 5 percent flagstones
Reaction--extremely acid to neutral

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or the channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 5 percent
Sand content--85 to 98 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent channers, 0 to 5 percent flagstones
Reaction--very strongly acid to neutral

Horizons with spodic colors have pH greater than 5.9 or have less than 0.6 percent organic carbon

C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--5 to 8
Chroma--1 to 6 (uncoated sand grains)
Texture--sand, fine sand, or the channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 5 percent
Sand content--90 to 98 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent channers, 0 to 5 percent flagstones
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid

Cr horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--5 to 8
Chroma--1 to 6 (uncoated sand grains)
Texture--sand, fine sand, or the channery analogues of these textures (sandstone)
Clay content--0 to 3 percent
Sand content--90 to 100 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent channers, 0 to 5 percent flagstones
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Carver, Goodharbor, Hooksan, Tarr, and Tint series.
None of these soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of siliceous sandy residuum from the underlying sandstone and/or in siliceous sandy colluvium or slope alluvium
Landform--hills in bedrock controlled uplands
Slope--1 to 90 percent
Elevation--200 to 430 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--700 to 850 millimeters
Frost-free period--135 to 160 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Council, Elevasil, Gale, Hixton, and Tarr soils.
Council--are in lower landscape positions, have an argillic horizon, have an average clay content of 10 to 17 percent in the particle-size control section and do not have a paralithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters
Elevasil--are in landscape positions similar to the Boone soils, have an argillic horizon and have an average clay content of 10 to 17 percent in the particle-size control section
Gale--are in landscape positions similar to the Boone soils, have an argillic horizon, have an average clay content of more than 18 percent and an average sand content of less than 15 percent in the upper two thirds of the particle-size control section
Hixton--are in landscape positions similar to the Boone soils, have an argillic horizon, have an average clay content of 18 to 27 percent and an average sand content of 40 to 65 percent in the upper two thirds of the particle-size control section
Tarr--are in lower landscape positions on base slopes, do not have an argillic horizon and do not have a paralithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--excessively drained--these soils are not frequently saturated within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest portions of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second (high) in the siliceous sandy residuum or in siliceous sandy colluvium or slope alluvium and 1.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second (moderately high or high) in the sandstone
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium

USE AND VEGETATION:
Many areas are forested. The native vegetation is deciduous and coniferous trees. Common trees are northern pin oak or black oak, jack pine, and eastern white pine. Some areas are cultivated. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are pastured.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains, and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till (90),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91),
Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107), and
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRRs K & M; West-central and southwestern Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, and northwestern Illinois, and northeastern Nebraska
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bates County, Missouri, 1908.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
Series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 20 centimeters (Oe, A, and E horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 20 to 53 centimeters (Bw horizon); paralithic contact--the contact with sandstone bedrock at a depth of 89 centimeters;
siliceous feature--less than 10 percent weatherable minerals (.02 to 2 mm fraction) in the particle-size control section;
uncoated class--weighted average content of silt plus clay of 5 percent or less in the particle-size control section.

The Type Location is associated with the Wonewoc formation. The Boone series concept could occur on any of the dominantly quartz Cambrian sandstone formations as well as the Ordovician St. Peter formation.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska - user pedon ID 90WI019036 (http://ssldata.nrcs.usda.gov/).


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.