LOCATION BREEZE NY+NJ
Established Series
LAH-RBT-MCT
02/2017
BREEZE SERIES
The Breeze series consists of very deep, well drained soils. The soil formed in a thick mantle of sandy human-transported soil materials intermingled with demolished construction debris. These soils occur on modified landscapes in and near major urbanized portions of the Northeast. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high in the surface and very high in the subsoil and substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C Mean annual precipitation is about 1196 mm.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Spolic, mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Breeze loamy sand in a back beach prairie area on a large pile of smoothed soil 13 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
^Au -- 0 to 15 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3), dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine plus common medium roots; 13 percent gravel-sized construction debris; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 25 cm thick.)
^Bwu -- 15 to 36 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly-artifactual sand; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots; 12 percent construction debris and 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual wavy boundary. (20 to 30 centimeters thick.)
^Cu1 -- 36 to 66 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; 12 percent gravel-sized construction debris; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary.
^Cu2 -- 66 to 165 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly-artifactual sand; single grain; loose; 15 percent gravel-sized construction debris and 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.7).
TYPE LOCATION: Queens County, New York; From the intersection of B 193rd Street and State Road, 750 feet heading West of this intersection on State Road, then 50 feet due South on the other side of a fence on a large smoothed mound; USGS Coney Island, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 40 degrees, 33 minutes, 37.75 seconds N. and Longitude 73 degrees, 54 minutes, 18.21 seconds W., WGS 1984.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the human-transported soil materials range from 1 to 2 meters or greater and may originate from sandy marine deposits, sandy eolian deposits, or sandy glaciofluvial deposits, usually from a very local source. The human artifacts may include plastic, glass, rubber, brick, lumber, asphalt, coal ash, unburned coal, gypsum board, concrete, and steel artifacts. Coarse fragments range from 2 to 34 percent by volume throughout the profile with greater than 10 percent human artifacts within the particle size control section. Textures range from sandy loam to coarse sand, and gravelly-artifactual to bouldery-artifactual texture modifiers can occur. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline. Moist color hues range from 2.5YR through 2.5Y throughout.
The ^Au or ^A horizon has value of 2 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 6. It is characterized by granular structure and by organic matter accumulation. Consistence is very friable to firm. Some pedons have a ^ACu or ^AC with similar properties.
The ^Bu has value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6. Structure is subangular blocky. Consistence is very friable.
The ^Cu has value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6. It is single grain or massive and consistence is loose or very friable. Some pedons have a 2^C with similar properties.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Breeze soils are on nearly level to moderately steep artificially-created or human-altered landforms. These soils formed in human-transported materials consisting of sandy soil materials intermingled with human artifacts (typically construction debris). The sandy soil materials may originate from sandy glaciofluvial deposits, dredged sandy marine deposits, or sandy eolian deposits. The construction debris material commonly originates from the demolition of buildings and roads. The dominant human artifacts are concrete, asphalt, brick, coal ash, and steel. Natural rock fragments, if present, are derived mainly from sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Some pedons are underlain by sandy dredge materials with low artifact content. Slope commonly ranges from 0 to 15 percent but the range includes up to 25 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 1000 to 1230 mm. Mean annual temperature ranges from 7 to 17 degrees C.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Barren,
Bigapple,
Fortress,
Hooksan,
Jamaica,
Gravesend,
Ipswich,
Matunuck,
Pawcatuck,
Sandyhook,
Verrazano, and
Westbrook soils. Barren, Bigapple, Fortress, and Jamaica soils formed in sandy dredge materials with low human artifact content. Hooksan soils formed in sandy eolian deposits. Gravesend soils contain more than 35 percent human artifacts and/or rock fragments in the control section. Ipswich, Matunuck, Pawcatuck, Sandyhook, and Westbrook soils are subject to tidal flooding. Verrazano soils have a contrasting particle size class within 100 cm from soil surface.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is very low to low on vegetated slopes less than 20 percent, and medium on vegetated slopes 20 percent and greater. The potential for surface runoff is one class more rapid where the soil is unvegetated or the surface is poorly protected from erosion. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high in the surface and very high in the subsoil and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are used for recreational purposes and wildlife habitat. Recreational use is unlikely where surface fragments and boulders have not been removed or covered. Phragmites, mugwort, goldenrod, and beachgrass are typical plants found growing on this soil.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils occur on modified landscapes in and near major urbanized areas of the Northeast. MLRA 144A, 149A, and 149B. The soils of this series are of small extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Queens County, New York, 2014. Series proposed Queens County, New York; 1998.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 15 cm (^Au horizon).
2. Psamments - the zone from 25 to 100 cm is fine sand or sand and averages less than 35 percent rock fragments (^Bwu, ^Cu1, and ^Cu2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Full characterization data for sample no. 99NY081001. Pedon analyzed by the KSSL, Lincoln, NE. Characterization data for Breeze and similar soils is available through the National Cooperative Soil Survey Soil Characterization Database: http://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.