LOCATION BROOKLYN                IL+MO

Established Series
Rev. TJE-CCC-RDC
04/2011

BROOKLYN SERIES

The Brooklyn series consists of very deep, poorly drained, moderately slowly or slowly permeable soils on nearly level or depressional parts of loess covered outwash plains, till plains, and stream terraces. They formed in loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy stratified outwash. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 12.2 degrees C (54 degrees F.), and mean annual precipitation is about 965 mm (38 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Mollic Albaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Brooklyn silt loam - on a southwest-facing slope of 0.5 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of 207 meters (679 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [19 to 28 cm (7 to 9 inches) thick]

Eg--23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches); gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt loam; weak medium platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 28 cm (5 to 11 inches) thick]

Btg1--36 to 51 cm (14 to 20 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2--51 to 79 cm (20 to 31 inches); gray (2.5Y 6/1) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; common distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) organo-clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3--79 to 102 cm (31 to 40 inches); gray (2.5Y 6/1) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky; firm; common distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Btg horizons is 51 to 89 cm (20 to 35 inches).]

2Btg4--102 to 117 cm (40 to 46 inches); gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt--117 to 132 cm (46 to 52 inches); 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), 40 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3), and 20 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1) gravelly clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; common medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; 20 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2BCt--132 to 158 cm (52 to 62 inches); 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 30 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), and 20 percent gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay loam with thin strata of silt loam; massive; firm; very few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) and very few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; many medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Btg, 2Bt, and 2BCt horizons is 10 to 61 cm (4 to 24 inches).]

2C--158 185 cm (62 to 73 inches); 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 40 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1) loam with thin strata of sandy loam; massive; firm; many medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) masses of iron-manganese throughout; 7 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [ 0 to 51 cm (0 to 20 inches) thick.]

3Cd--185 to 203 cm (73 to 80 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; massive; very firm; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron and few fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Douglas County, Illinois; about 6 km (4 miles) north of Newman; 61 meters (200 feet) east and 436 meters (1,430 feet) south of northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 16 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Newman topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 51 minutes 40.1 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 58 minutes and 28.4 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0416644 easting 4412800 northing; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 102 to 183 cm (40 to 72 inches)
Depth to horizons with more than 15 percent sand: 91 to 140 cm (36 to 55 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages between 35 and 45 percent clay and less than 7 percent fine sand or coarser.

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Eg horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Average content of clay: between 14 and 22 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

Btg horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or N (neutral)
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: silty clay or silty clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral in the upper part and from strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part.

2Btg, 2Bt, 2BCt, and/or 2BCtg horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: clay loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam, or their gravelly analogs, and is commonly stratified with these textures.
Gravel content: 2 to 25 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly alkaline

2C or 2Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: clay loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam, or their gravelly analogs, and is commonly stratified with these textures.
Content of clay: 15 to 30 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

3Cd horizon [where present above 203 cm (80 inches)]:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma; 3 or 4
Texture: loam and less commonly clay loam with less than 30 percent clay
Rock fragment content: 2 to 15 percent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline and it is slightly to strongly effervescent.
Moist bulk density: 1.78 to 1.95 gm/cm3
Other features: This horizon is typically unsaturated and perches water.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cisne, Cowden, Denny, and Smileyville series. Cowden, Denny, and Smileyville soils average less than 10 percent sand in the lower part of the control section. Cisne soils are not stratified in the lower part of the series control sections and have a mean annual air temperature of more than 12.2 degrees C (54 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Brooklyn soils are on nearly level and depressional parts of loess-covered outwash plains, till plains, and stream terraces. Slope gradients commonly are less than one percent, but range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils formed in 91 to 140 cm (36 to 55 inches) of loess and in the underlying stratified outwash, of Wisconsinan Age. The dominant clay mineral in the loess is smectite, and the outwash and underlying till is illite. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 8.9 to 12.2 degrees C (48 to 54 degrees F.), mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1219 mm (32 to 38 inches), frost free days range from 160 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 183 to 305 meters (600 to 1,000 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blackberry, Brenton, Drummer, Flanagan, Millbrook, Plano, and Thorp soils. The moderately well drained Blackberry soils, the somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils and the well drained Plano soils have mollic epipedons and are on higher parts of the landform nearby. Drummer soils have a mollic epipedon and contain less clay in the control section and are on lower lying parts of the landform nearby. The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan soils are on the till plain above the Brooklyn soils. The somewhat poorly drained Millbrook soils contain less clay in the control section and are higher on the landform than Brooklyn soils. Thorp soils have a mollic epipedon and do not have an abrupt textural change from the E horizon to the Bt horizon. They are in similar positions nearby.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Where drained, a perched seasonal high water table is within 31 cm (1.0 foot) below the surface at some time between January and May in most years. In the undrained condition, the perched seasonal high water table is within 15 cm (0.5 foot) below the surface at some time between November and June in most years. These soils are subject to ponding of about 15 cm (0.5 foot) after heavy rains from November through June. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to moderately low (4.23 to 0.42 micrometers per second). The Permeability is moderately slow or slow.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas with a drainage outlet are used to grow corn and soybeans. Undrained areas are primarily in grass. Native vegetation is grasses and sedges.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Illinois in MLRAs 108A, and 108B. The extent is moderate (about 11,000 acres correlated).

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Schuyler County, Illinois, 1930.

REMARKS: With this revision, (05/2004), the classification is changed from Vertic Albaqualfs back to Mollic Albaqualfs. Soil cracking is not evident and available data suggests that the LE to 1 meter is insufficient to qualify as Vertic.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 36 cm (14 inches) (Ap and Eg horizons);
albic horizon - the zone from 23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches) (Eg horizon);
argillic horizon - the zone from 36 to 132 cm (14 inches to about 52 inches) (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, 2Btg4, and 2Bt horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.