LOCATION BROUGHTON OH

Established Series
Rev. RLC-DRM-JAG
09/2012

BROUGHTON SERIES

The Broughton series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in clayey lake sediments. These soils are on dissected areas of lake plains. Slope ranges from 2 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 864 mm (34 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Broughton silty clay loam, on a convex 5 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 219 meters (719 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 inches) thick]

Bt1--15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; diffuse irregular boundary.

Bt2--30 to 46 cm (12 to 18 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and along some root channels; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bt3--46 to 56 cm (18 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very firm; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films along some root channels; many medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 15 to 76 cm (6 to 30 inches).]

Cg--56 to 152 cm (22 to 60 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; massive; extremely firm; many medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Putnam County, Ohio; about 2 miles north of Continental, in Monroe Township; about 2,660 feet south and 885 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 15, T. 2 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Ayersville, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 07 minutes 46 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 16 minutes 11 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 36 to 91 cm (14 to 36 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 30 to 81 cm (12 to 32 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 (6 or 7 dry)
Chroma: 2 or 3, ranging to 4 in severely eroded pedons
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches)
Value: 3 or 4 (4 to 6 dry)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

E horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 13 cm (1 to 5 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bt or Btg horizon:
Hue: commonly 10YR, or less commonly 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: commonly clay but may be silty clay in the upper part
Clay content: averages 60 to 80 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral in the upper part and moderately alkaline in the lower part

Some pedons have a BC horizon.

Cg or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: clay
Clay content: 60 to 80 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 14 to 25 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Similar series in other families include Covington, Geeburg, Lucas, Paulding, Roselms, St. Clair, and Vergennes. The Covington, Paulding, and Roselms soils have redoximorphic features with dominant chroma of 2 or less in the matrix immediately below the surface horizon. In addition, Paulding soils do not have argillic horizons. Geeburg, Lucas, and St. Clair soils average less than 60 percent clay in the argillic horizon, and in addition, Lucas and St. Clair soils do not have redoximorphic features with chroma of 2 or less in the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Broughton soils are on dissected areas of lake plains. They are adjacent to drainageways and have short slopes, usually less than 150 feet. Slopes are usually convex with gradients of 2 to 35 percent. The soils formed in very fine textured lacustrine sediments. Evidence of weak lamination is in some pedons. Most areas are underlain by till but at a depth of more than 203 cm (80 inches). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 686 to 914 mm (27 to 36 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 140 to 165 days. Elevation is 175 to 244 meters (575 to 800 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Paulding and Roselms soils in a toposequence with Broughton soils and the Defiance and Wabasha soils. The very poorly drained Paulding soils are on broad level areas on lake plains. The somewhat poorly drained Roselms soils are on less sloping areas along drainageways or are on slightly elevated areas on lake plains. The somewhat poorly drained Defiance and poorly drained or very poorly drained Wabasha soils are on nearby flood plains. They do not have an argillic horizon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent perched high water table ranges from 46 to 91 cm (1.5 to 3.0 feet) between January and April in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is medium to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is low. Permeability is very slow.

USE AND VEGETATION: Gently sloping areas of Broughton soils are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay are the principal crops. Sloping areas are used for small grain and pasture, and steep areas are used for pasture and woodland. Woodland consists of mixed hardwoods.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Ohio; MLRA 99. The series is of small extent, about 9,000 acres.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Paulding County, Ohio, 1957.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 15 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 15 to 46 cm (Bt1, Bt2).
Aquic conditions: iron depletions or matrix with chroma of 2 or less in all horizons below a depth of 30 cm (12 inches).

This pedon has aquic conditions at a depth of 30 cm (12 inches), and may have a seasonal high water table as high as 30 cm (12 inches). More study is needed to determine water table depth.

Additional work is needed to determine if silty clay or clay surface phases of Broughton should be in Aquertic subgroup. The previously correlated surface phases of silt loam or silty clay loam will need studied during update activities. It is likely that they will meet the criteria for an abrupt textural change and be reclassified into the Albaquic Hapludalfs.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory characterization data from The Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory is available for pedons DF-29 and PD-41.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.