LOCATION BLAZEFORK KS
Established Series
Rev. JCW, LAG, BKN
07/2020
BLAZEFORK SERIES
The Blazefork series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in alluvium. Blazefork soils are on floodplains in the Central Kansas Sandstone Hills, MLRA 74. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 740 millimeters (29 inches), and the mean annual air temperature is 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Pachic Udertic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Blazefork silty clay loam on a linear 0 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 437 meters (1433 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.) As described on August 1, 1990.
Ap1--0 to 8 centimeters (0 to 3 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--8 to 17 centimeters (3 to 7 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; common fine vesicular pores; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Ap horizons is 10 to 25 centimeters (4 to 10 inches).)
Bt--17 to 36 centimeters (7 to 14 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots throughout; very few faint continuous very dark gray (10YR 3/1), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btss--36 to 57 centimeters (14 to 22 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, extremely firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine moderate continuity tubular pores; few faint patchy very dark gray (10YR 3/1), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few distinct patchy nonintersecting slickensides on horizontal faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
B't1--57 to 74 centimeters (22 to 290 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots throughout; very few faint patchy black (10YR 2/1), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
B't2--74 to 87 centimeters (29 to 34 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; common medium faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist irregular mottles throughout; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots throughout; very few faint patchy black (10YR 2/1), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Btk1--87 to 102 centimeters (34 to 40 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots throughout; few faint patchy black (10YR 2/1), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine rounded carbonate concretions throughout and few fine irregular masses of carbonate throughout; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Btk2--102 to 122 centimeters (40 to 48 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots throughout; very few distinct patchy dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout and few fine and medium irregular carbonate concretions throughout and few fine irregular masses of carbonate throughout; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (50 to 127 centimeters (20 to 50 inches) thick.)
2Btk3--122 to 154 centimeters (48 to 61 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout and common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots throughout; common faint continuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds and few faint discontinuous brown (10YR 4/3), moist, clay films on horizontal faces of peds and few distinct patchy black (10YR 2/1), moist, manganese or iron-manganese stains on horizontal faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout and few medium irregular masses of carbonate throughout and common fine and medium rounded carbonate concretions throughout; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Btk4--154 to 198 centimeters (61 to 78 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout and common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist irregular redoximorphic depletions throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots throughout; common fine tubular pores; few faint patchy brown (10YR 4/3), moist, clay films on horizontal faces of peds and common distinct discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds and few distinct patchy black (10YR 2/1), moist, manganese or iron-manganese stains on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout and few fine and medium irregular masses of carbonate throughout; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2B"t--198 to 203 centimeters (78 to 80 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist irregular redoximorphic depletions throughout; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine tubular pores; very few distinct patchy dark gray (10YR 4/1), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds and very few distinct patchy dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist, clay films on horizontal faces of peds and very few distinct patchy black (10YR 2/1), moist, manganese or iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of peds; common medium rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. 0 to 102 centimeters (0 to 40 inches) thick.)
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; 4.8 kilometers (3 miles) east of Buhler; located about 152 meters (498 feet) west and 465 meters (1524 feet) south of the northeast corner of sec. 12,T. 22 S., R. 4 W.; Halstead NW USGS quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 9 minutes 18 seconds N. and longitude 97 degrees 42 minutes 12 seconds W., WGS84
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic bordering on udic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (55 to 58 degrees F)
Mollic epipedon thickness: 50 to 152 centimeters (20 to 60 inches)
Depth to the argillic horizon: 10 to 25 centimeters (4 to 10 inches)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 76 to 152 centimeters (30 to 60 inches)
Depth to redoximorphic features: 102 to 200 centimeters (40 to 78 inches)
Depth to vertic features: 35 to 60 centimeters (13 to 24 inches)
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 115 to 143 centimeters (45 to 56 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 32 to 50
Sand content: 5 to 9 percent
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 40 percent
Sand content: 5 to 7 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to very strongly acid
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Sand content: 5 to 9 percent
Carbonate concretions: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately alkaline to slightly acid
Btss horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Sand content: 5 to 9 percent
Carbonate concretions: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately alkaline to slightly acid
Btk horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 26 to 50 percent
Sand content: 10 to 28 percent
Redoximorphic features: concentrations 0 to 15 percent, depletions 0 to 5 percent
Carbonate concretions: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: moderately alkaline or slightly alkaline
2B"t horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: clay loam or loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Sand content: 23 to 31 percent
Carbonate concretions: 0 to 15 percent
Redoximorphic features: concentrations 0 to 15 percent, depletions 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: moderately alkaline or slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Crete,
Ladysmith, and
Penalosa series.
Crete soils have secondary carbonates higher in the profile.
Ladysmith soils are somewhat poorly drained.
Penalosa soils contain buried horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: silty calcareous alluvium
Landform: floodplains
Slopes: 0 to 2 percent
Elevation: 335 to 457 meters (1100 to 1500 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (55 to 58 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 710 to 810 millimeters (28 to 32 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and March through October being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 160 to 200 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Crete,
Geary,
Smolan, and
Tobin soils. Crete soils have secondary carbonates lower in the profile and occur on uplands or stream terraces above the Blazefork soils. Geary soils are formed in loess and are on uplands. Smolan soils formed in loess and are on uplands and high terraces above the Blazefork soils. Tobin soils are well drained and is fine-silty. They occur on similar topographic positions as Blazefork soils.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: moderately well drained
Runoff: slow to medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: moderately low
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the soils are cultivated. Principal crops are wheat, sorghums, and alfalfa. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses with some deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Dominantly in South Central Kansas; LRR H; Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Region, MLRA 74, Central Kansas Sandstone Hills; MLRA 79, Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of moderate extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas, 1999. Proposed 1989.The name is from Blaze Fork Creek in the northeast part of the county.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: the zone from 17 to 67 centimeters (7 to 26 inches) (Bt, Btss, and B't1 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 102 centimeters (0 to 41 inches) (Ap1, Ap2, Bt, Btss, B't1, B't2, Btk1)
Argillic horizon: The zone from 17 to 203 centimeters (7 to 80 inches) (Bt, Btss, B't1, B't2, Btk1, Btk2,2Btk3, 2Btk4, 2B"t)
Redoximorphic features: the presence of redoximorphic concentrations and depletions at 102 to 203 centimeters (40 to 80 inches) (Btk2, 2Btk3, 2Btk4, and 2B"t horizons)
Secondary carbonates: the zone from 87 to 198 centimeters (34 to 78 inches) (Btk1, Btk2, 2Btk3, and 2Btk4 horizons)
Vertic features: the presence of slickensides at 36 to 57 centimeters (14 to 22 inches) (Btss horizon)
Lithologic discontinuity: 122 centimeters (48 inches) (the upper boundary of the 2Btk3 horizon)
Water table: The presence of an apparent water table from 1.2 to greater than 1.8 meters (4 to greater than 6 feet), during the months of November to May.
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Twelfth Edition, 2014
These soils were formerly mapped as Tabler, Bethany, or Ladysmith soils. Blazefork soils occur on flood plains.
Type location has been sampled and is available online:
http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/rptExecute.asp?p=17236&r=1&submit1=Get+Report
BLAZEFORK SERIES
LRR=H
DATE=??
6/14/95
Corrected the taxonomy on sir and osed.
PRF
12/9/1999
The taxonomy was changed from udertic to pachic udertic due to the change in Taxonomy. The competing series was also changed. 05/2011. JCW
09/2016 BKN Updated intro to current standards. Added clay content and sand content to RIC. Added Btss and Btk horizons to RIC. Changed horizon designation to proper nomenclature (Bt to Btk due to presence of secondary carbonates). Added primes to appropriate horizons (B't and B"t). Linear, 0 percent slope, and elevation of 437 meters (1433 feet) was added to the typical pedon. Added datum to type location. Added precipitation pattern to geographic setting. Updated competing series to include Crete and Penalosa soils. Updated geographically associated soils to fit current standards. Changed permeability to Ksat. Changed MLRA from 75 to 74 and 79 in distribution and extent. Added particle-size control section, secondary carbonates, redoximorphic features, vertic features, and lithologic discontinuity to remarks. Updated Keys to Soil Taxonomy to Twelfth Edition. Added lab data to additional data.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory data is available for Pedon ID 90KS155002R
COMMENTS DISPOSITION
MNTC:
Change soil depth to very deep. Changed.
Described wet consistence in profile Added description.
Change BCk to Bk No change
Separate Bt and BCk on SOILS-5 Separated
Change ph for Ap and Bt on SOILS-5 Changed
NEBRASKA:
Add range for BCk horizon in the range No change paragraph.
Add "Crete has montmorillonitic mineralogy Added in the associated soil paragraph.
Remove "mottles are lacking in some pedons", Removed from the C horizon in the range paragraph.
There were no comments from Oklahoma and Missouri.
Various changes were made on the SOILS-5 as suggested
by the state forester, range conservationist, and biologist.
________________________________________
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.