LOCATION BONDURANT KY+MO TN
Established Series
Rev: JEM/RLT
05/2018
BONDURANT SERIES
The Bondurant series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in clayey and loamy alluvium. These level to gently undulating soils are on flood plains of the Mississippi River, MLRA 131. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 52 inches and mean annual temperature is 59 degrees F. near the type location.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Vertic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Bondurant silty clay loam - in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; many fine earthworm casts; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear smooth boundary.
Ap2--3 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common distinct very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) organic stains: neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
A--11 to 20 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; common fine prominant dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulations; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 23 inches.)
Bg1--20 to 28 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots; common shiny pressure faces; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions on ped faces; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear smooth boundary.
Bg2--28 to 50 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) ped faces; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very firm; common shiny pressure faces; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid (pH 5.4); gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 22 to 38 inches)
2BCg--50 to 67 inches; 50 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) and 50 percent dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium prominant yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bg and 2BCg horizon is 20 to 40 inches)
2Cg--67 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; many coarse prominent brown (10YR 4/3) and few medium prominant yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations; slightly acid (pH 6.1).
TYPE LOCATION: Fulton County, Kentucky; 6.4 miles west of Hickman along KY Highway 94 in the Lower Bottom, one-half mile due west of the junction of KY Hwy 311 and KY 1282, then about 150 feet south of KY 1282 into the cultivated field. Bondurant 7.5 minute USGS quadrangle; Latitude 36 degrees 31 minutes 39 seconds N, Longitude 89 degrees 17 minutes 04 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum is 60 to 80 inches. The mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 23 inches thick. Cracks 1 to 4 cm wide develop to a depth of 70 to 100 cm in most years. Clay content averages 40 to 50 percent in the particle size control section. A lithologic discontinuity is at a depth of 3.5 to 6 feet. The soil ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline throughout.
The Ap and A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Redoximorphic accumulations and depletions, where present, are in shades of gray and brown. Some pedons have an overwash of lighter colored materials having value of 4 and chroma 3 or 4 that is less than 12 inches thick.
The upper part of the Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2, with few to many redoximorphic accumulations and depletions in shades of brown and gray. Texture is silty clay or clay. The lower part of the Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2, and redoximorphic accumulations and depletions in shades of gray and brown, or it is variegated in shades of brown and gray. Texture is silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam.
The 2BCg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2, and redoximorphic accumulations and depletions in shades of brown and gray, or it is variegated in shades of brown and gray. Texture is clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or silt loam. Some pedons have a 2Bg horizon with colors and textures similar to the 2BCg.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2, and redoximorphic accumulations and depletions in shades of brown and gray, or it is variegated in shades of brown and gray. Texture is loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Eagleville and
Pitco series in the same family, and the
Agee and
Roellen series in closely related families. Eagleville soils have limestone bedrock between 20 and 40 inches. Pitco soils formed in mixed alluvium from igneous and sedimentary rocks in a climate with 7 inches mean annual precipitation. Agee soils formed in alluvium derived from limestone and are poorly drained. Roellen soils are poorly drained and occur at lower elevations.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bondurant soils are on level to undulating flood plains of the Mississippi River south of it's confluence with the Ohio River. They formed in clayey alluvium in the upper 3.5 to 6 feet and the underlying loamy sediments. The slope gradient is 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 52 inches, and mean annual temperature is 59 degress F. near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Bowdre,
Commerce,
Keyespoint,
Openlake,
Phillippy,
Sharkey,
Tunica, and
Ware soils and the competing
Roellen series. Bowdre soils have loamy textures within 24 inches and have a clayey over loamy particle-size class. Commerce soils contain less clay throughout and are fine-silty. Keyespoint soils have loamy textures within 40 inches and do not have a mollic epipedon. Openlake soils do not have a mollic epipedon. Phillippy soils are moderately well drained and are on low ridges and old natural levees at higher elevations with a clayey over loamy particle size class. Roellen, Sharkey and Tunica soils are at lower elevations and are poorly drained. Ware soils are on low ridges or old stream terraces at higher elevations and are coarse-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained with slow permeability. The water table is within 1.0 to 2.0 feet during winter and early spring. Areas not protected by levees are subject to occasional or frequent flooding for brief to long duration in late winter and early spring.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and are used for growing row crops such as corn, soybeans, and cotton. Limited acreage is planted to winter wheat. Wooded areas are in mixed bottomland hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mississippi River flood plain of Kentucky and possibly Tennessee and Missouri . The series is of small extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AUBURN, ALABAMA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fulton County, Kentucky; 2002
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon-the zone from the surface to 20 inches (Ap1, Ap2, and A horizons).
Cambic horizon-the zone from 20 to 67 inches (Bg1, Bg2, 2BCg horizons).
Vertic feature-surface cracks and soil peds having shiny pressure faces from 20 to 50 inches with smectitic mineralogy
Aquic moisture regime-distinct or prominent redox concentrations in the lower part of the mollic epipedon, along with a moist color value of 4 and chroma of 2 with redox depletions having color value of 4 or more and chroma 1 or less immediately below the mollic epipedon
ADDITIONAL DATA: Complete characterization data by the University of Kentucky from the Typical Pedon S01KY-075-1 along with pedon S99KY-075-1. Particle size and organic matter reference data from S98KY-075-1.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.