LOCATION CALPAC UT+IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Pachic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Calpac extremely cobbly loam, rangeland. (Colors are for air-dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Al--0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; 20 percent of the surface is covered by cobbles and pebbles, 60 percent cobbles in the soil matrix; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 4 inches thick)
A2--3 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine and medium pores; 60 percent cobbles; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
A3--10 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine and medium pores; 40 percent cobbles, 20 percent pebbles; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 19 inches thick)
Bk1--21 to 34 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very flaggy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; few fine, medium and very fine roots; few fine, medium, and very fine pores; 40 percent flagstone, 20 percent pebbles, slightly calcareous; undersides of rock fragments are coated with carbonates; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 15 inches thick)
Bk2--34 to 41 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely stony loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots matted on bedrock; 65 percent stones, 15 percent pebbles; strongly calcareous; carbonates are disseminated and occur as coatings on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 25 inches thick)
R--41 inches; limestone.
TYPE LOCATION: Utah County, Utah, about 8 miles north of Cedar Fort; 2,100 feet west and 400 feet south of the NE corner of sec. 1, T. 5 S., R. 3 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Mean annual soil temperature is 40 to 47 degree F. The mean summer soil temperature is 59 to 65 degrees F. The soil is moist in all parts of the moisture control section for more than 50 to 55 percent of the time that the soil temperature exceeds 40 degrees F. at a depth of 20 inches. The soil moisture regime is typic Xeric.
The mollic epipedon is 21 to 34 inches thick. The depth to the calcic horizon is 23 to 43 inches. Content of pebbles, cobbles and flagstones is 35 to 80 percent throughout the profile. Depth to bedrock is 40 to 60 inches or more. Clay content in the particle-size control section is 18 to 25 percent.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3 dry and 1 through 3 moist. It is neutral to mildly alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR dry, 10YR or 7.5YR moist, value of 3 through 6 dry, 2 or 4 moist, and chroma of 2 or 4 dry and moist. It is extremely stony loam, extremely cobbly loam, extremely flaggy loam, extremely gravelly silt loam, or extremely cobbly silt loam, with 60 to 80 percent rock fragments. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 6 to 22 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Jimsage (ID) series. Jimsage soils have 10 to 18 percent clay in the particle size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Calpac soils are on slightly convex north and east facing steep and very steep mountainsides at elevations of 5,200 to 7,500 feet. Slope gradients are 30 to 70 percent. The soils formed in alluvium, colluvium and residuum derived from limestone, quartzite, and sandstone. The climate is moist subhumid. The average annual precipitation ranges from 16 to 25 inches. The mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F. and the mean summer temperature ranges from 57 to 63 degrees F. The freeze-free period is 70 to 100 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The principle associated soils are Agassiz, Lodar, Lundy, Reywat, Bezzant and Broad soils. Agassiz, Lodar, Lundy and Reywat soils have bedrock at depths of 10 to 20 inches. Lodar and Lundy soils have more than 40 percent carbonates in the particle-size control section. Reywat soils have an argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The potential vegetation is oakbrush, snowberry, serviceberry, bluebunch wheatgrass and bluegrasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Oquirrh Mountains and Lake Mountains of Central Utah and in southeastern Idaho. This series is moderately extensive. MLRA 13, 28A, and 47.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fairfield-Nephi Soil Survey Area, Utah, 1980.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
Mollic epipedon - from the surface to a depth of 21 inches (A1, A2, and A3 horizons).
Calcic horizon - from 21 to 41 inches (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).
In Utah this series is correlated with Mountain range sites.