LOCATION CAMMERMAN               AZ

Established Series
RFG
08/2013

CAMMERMAN SERIES

The Cammerman series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in slope alluvium, colluvium, and/or residuum weathered from metamorphic bedrock. Cammerman soils are on hills and mountains and have slopes of 15 to 60 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about l4 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 62 degrees F (16.7 degrees C).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, mixed, superactive, thermic Ustic Paleargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Cammerman extremely cobbly fine sandy loam - in rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) Approximately 80 percent cover of quartzite fragments.

A--0 to 3 inches (0 to 8 cm); reddish brown (5YR 5/4) extremely cobbly fine sandy loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/3), moist; 12 percent clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine and medium granular; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine and common medium pores; 30 percent angular quartzite cobbles and 35 percent angular quartzite gravels; noneffervescent; slightly acid, (pH 6.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick)

Bt1--3 to 15 inches (8 to 38 cm); reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) extremely cobbly clay loam, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4), moist; 36 percent clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine and few medium pores; few percent distinct clay films on faces of peds and few percent prominent clay films on rock fragments; 30 percent angular quartzite cobbles and 35 percent angular quartzite gravels; noneffervescent; neutral, (pH 6.6); gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2--15 to 26 inches (38 to 66 cm); reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) extremely cobbly clay, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4), moist; 45 percent clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine and few medium pores; few percent distinct pressure faces; few percent prominent clay films on rock fragments and few percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 30 percent angular quartzite cobbles and 35 percent angular quartzite gravels; noneffervescent; neutral, (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 20 to 35 inches thick.)

R--26 inches (66 cm); indurated quartzite bedrock.

TYPE LOCATION: Gila County, Arizona; located about 300 feet south and 485 feet east of the northwest corner of Section 11, Township 1N, Range 16E; Latitude: 33 degrees, 26 minutes, 16.1 seconds N; Longitude: 110 degrees, 39 minutes, 04.1 seconds W. NAD83; Topographic quadrangle: Cammerman Wash, Arizona.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture - Intermittently moist in some part of the soil moisture control section during July-September and December-March. Driest during May and June. Ustic aridic soil moisture regime.

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent

Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches (51-102 cm)

Mean annual soil temperature: 59 to 69 degrees F. (15-20.6 degrees C)

Effervescence: none

Reaction (pH): slightly acid to neutral (6.1 to 7.3)

A horizon
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 5 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4, dry or moist
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Clay content: 7 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 40 to 70 percent

Bt horizons
Hue: typically 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6, dry or moist
Texture: clay loam, clay
Clay content: 30 to 60 percent
Rock fragments: 30 to 70 percent

R horizon
Hard metamorphic bedrock with soil material between fractures and in cracks

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cammerman soils occur on hills and mountains and formed from slope alluvium, colluvium, and/or residuum weathered from metamorphic bedrock found mainly in the Apache Group. Elevation ranges from 914 to 1,524 meters (3,000 to 5,000 ft). Slopes range from 15 to 60 percent. Average annual precipitation ranges from about 305 to 406 mm (12 to 16 inches) and the mean annual temperature ranges from about 57 to 67 degrees F (14 to 19.4 degrees C). Frost-free season is about 180 to 250 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Eloma, Mabray, Romero, and Tombstone soils. Mabray and Romero soils are less than 20 inches to bedrock and occur on similar areas. Eloma and Tombstone soils are very deep to bedrock and occur on lower foot slopes and fan terraces.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; high to very high runoff; slow permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing, recreation, and wildlife habitat. Present vegetation is cholla, catclaw, velvet mesquite, hairy grama, Mexican sprangletop, red brome, sideoats grama, jojoba, pricklypear, ocotillo, yucca, threeawn, and some juniper.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Arizona; MLRA 38 & 41; This series is of moderate extent

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona

SERIES ESTABLISHED: San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona, Parts of Gila and Graham Counties (AZ675), 2009. The name comes from the USGS quadrangle at the type location.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 3 inches (A horizon)

Argillic horizon - the zone from 3 to 26 inches (Bt horizons)

Pale feature - a clay increase of 24 percent (15 percent or more) at the upper boundary of the argillic horizon (Bt horizons)

Abrupt Textural Change - clay content doubles within a vertical distance of 7.5 cm or less at the contact between the ochric epipedon and the argillic horizon (A, Bt horizons)
Lithic contact - the boundary from 26 to 36 inches (R horizon)

Classified according to Soil Taxonomy, Second Edition, 1999; Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010

Revised for the correlation of Graham County, AZ, Southwestern Part; March, 2011, WWJ
Revised for the correlation of SDJR - MLRA 38 - Cammerman-Rock Outcrop complex, 15 to 55 percent slopes, 2013, LJGII

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.