LOCATION CAMPBELLHILLS CAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, thermic Ultic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Campbellhills gravelly loam, on a west facing 2 percent slope under a cover of annual grasses at an elevation of 380 feet, (116 m). When described on 4/28/1997 the soil was dry to 39 inches, (99 cm) and moist from 39 to 50 inches, (99 to 127 cm). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
A--0 to 2 inches, (0 to 5 cm); brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2), moist; 15 percent clay; moderate coarse platy parting to weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist, oxidized iron masses; 10 percent basalt cobbles and 15 percent basalt gravel; moderately acid, pH 6.0 by Hellige-Truog; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 3 inches, (5 to 8 cm) thick)
Bt1--2 to 7 inches, (5 to 18 cm); brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2), moist; 18 percent clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 20 percent clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 25 percent basalt gravel; moderately acid, pH 6.0 by Hellig-Truog; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 30 inches, (10 to 76 cm) thick)
Bt2--7 to 17 inches, (18 to 43 cm); brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2), moist; 30 percent clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 30 percent clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 40 percent basalt gravel; moderately acid, pH 6.0 by Hellige-Truog; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt3--17 to 29 inches, (43 to 74 cm); brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2), moist; 33 percent clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 40 percent clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent basalt cobbles and 50 percent basalt gravel; moderately acid, pH 6.0 by Hellige-Truog; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt4--29 to 39 inches, (74 to 99 cm); brown (7.5YR 4/3) extremely gravelly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2), moist; 36 percent clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, very firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 50 percent clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 10 percent basalt cobbles and 55 percent basalt gravel; slightly acid, pH 6.5 by Hellige-Truog; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt5--39 to 50 inches, (99 to 127 cm); brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2), moist; 38 percent clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, very firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 60 percent clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 20 percent basalt cobbles; slightly acid, pH 6.5 by Hellige-Truog; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt2 to Bt5 horizon is 25 to 37 inches, (63 to 94 cm) thick).
R--50 inches, (127 cm); lithic basalt with weathering rind.
TYPE LOCATION: Butte County, California; about 3.1 miles northwest of Oroville, California, approximately 1650 feet east and 550 feet south of the northwest corner of Section 10, Township 19 N., Range 3 E., 39 degrees, 31 minutes, 20.9 seconds North latitude; 121 degrees, 37 minutes, 37.9 seconds West longitude. NAD83 - USGS Quad: Shippee, California.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to lithic bedrock is 40 to 60 inches, (102 to 152 cm). The mean annual soil temperature is 61 to 64 degrees F, (16 to 18 degrees C). The soil moisture control section is dry in all parts from May to about November (about 150 to 200 days). The particle-size control section averages 20 to 30 percent clay and 40 to 55 percent rock fragments, mostly gravel and cobbles. Mineralogy is mixed. Base saturation by sum of cations ranges from 35 to 40 percent and base saturation by NH4 OAC is 76 to 91 percent. A fluctuating water table can occur between the top of the bedrock and 3 inches, (8 cm) below the surface of the soil from December through April. Rock fragments on the surface range from 10 to 25 percent gravel and 0 to 30 percent cobbles.
The A horizon dry color is 7.5YR 3/3, 4/4, 6/4, 10YR 3/3, 4/3 or 4/4. Moist color is 7.5YR 2/2, 3/2, 3/3, 4/3, 10YR 2/2 or 3/2. Texture is loam, gravelly loam or cobbly loam. Clay content ranges from 15 to 22 percent. Organic matter ranges from 4 to 8 percent. Rock fragments range from 10 to 20 percent gravel and 0 to 15 percent cobbles. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly acid.
The Bt1 horizon dry colors are 7.5YR 3/3, 3/4, 4/4, 4/6, 10YR 3/3, 4/3 or 4/4. Moist colors are 7.5YR 2/2, 3/2, 3/3, 4/3, 10YR 2/2, 3/2 or 3/3. Textures are cobbly loam, gravelly loam, very gravelly loam or very cobbly loam. Clay content ranges from 18 to 27 percent. Organic matter ranges from 3 to 6 percent. Rock fragments range from 10 to 30 percent gravel and 0 to 40 cobbles. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly acid.
The lower Bt horizon (Bt2, Bt3, Bt4 and Bt5 horizons) dry colors are 7.5YR 3/4, 4/3, 10YR 3/4 or 4/4. Moist colors are 7.5YR 3/2, 3/3, 10YR 3/2, 3/3 or 3/4. Textures are very gravelly clay loam, very cobbly clay loam, very gravelly loam, very cobbly loam, extremely cobbly loam, extremely cobbly clay loam or extremely gravelly clay loam. Clay content ranges from 25 to 40 percent. Organic matter ranges from 0.3 to 2 percent. Rock fragments range from 10 to 65 percent gravel and 0 to 50 percent cobbles. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Shortyork and Fifield series. Fifield soils are moderately deep to lithic contact and formed from sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Shortyork soils are moderately deep to lithic contact and are formed from sandstone, graywacke, schist and shale.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Campbellhills soils are in joint fractures on tops of basalt plateaus in volcanic Sierra Nevada foothills. Slopes range from 2 to 15 percent. These soils formed in residuum weathered from basalt. Elevation is 150 to 1580 feet, (46 to 482 m). Mean annual precipitation is 25 to 35 inches, (635 to 889 mm). The mean annual temperature is 60 to 62 degrees F, (16 to 17 degrees C). Frost free season is 250 to 260 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Beatsonhollow, Cherotable, Elsey, and Thermalrocks soils. Beatsonhollow soils are in swales, are loamy-skeletal and are shallow to bedrock. Cherotable soils are on concave positions on basalt plateaus, are fine-loamy and are deep to bedrock. Elsey soils are on mounds, are fine-loamy and moderately deep to bedrock. Thermalrocks soils are on convex positions on basalt plateaus, are loamy-skeletal and are very shallow to bedrock.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; very high runoff; moderate saturated hydraulic conductivity in the A and Bt horizons and moderate to moderately slow in the lower Bt horizon. A fluctuating water table can occur between the top of the bedrock and 3 inches, (8 cm) below the surface of the soil from December through April.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for livestock grazing, recreation, watershed and wildlife habitat. Vegetation is soft chess, wild oat, medusahead, lupine, red brome, foxtail barley, rose clover, vetch, filaree, bluedicks, yellow monkeyflower, Mariposa lily, fiddleneck, ryegrass and annual fescue.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Butte County, California and occurs in (M261Fb) Lower Foothills Metamorphic Belt and as inclusions in (262Ag) Hardpan Terraces subsection of the (M261F) Sierra Nevada Foothills section. MLRA 18 - Sierra Nevada Foothills. The soils are not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Butte County, California 2005. Source of name from Campbell Hills.
REMARKS: These soils were previously mapped as scabland in the Soil Survey of Oroville Area, Soil Survey of Chico Area, California 1926.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section - zone from 2 to 22 inches, (5 to 56 cm) (Bt1, Bt2, and part of the Bt3).
Mollic epipedon - zone from 0 to 17 inches, (0 to 43 cm) (A, Bt1, Bt2)
Argillic horizon - zone from 2 to 50 inches, (5 to 127 cm) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5).
Lithic contact - at 50 inches, (127 cm) (R)
The soil moisture control section - zone from 9 to 29 inches, (23 to 74 cm) (part of Bt1, Bt2 and part of the Bt3).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Used data from nearby SOOCA-007-007 NSSL, Lincoln, NE