LOCATION CANARWAY MT
Established Series
Rev. BDD/JMS/JCK
12/2017
CANARWAY SERIES
The Canarway series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium. These soils are on stream terraces or flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 380 mm, and mean annual air temperature is about 6 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Aeric Fluvaquents
TYPICAL PEDON: Canarway gravelly sandy loam, in pasture (colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted).
Oe--0 to 5 cm; moderately decomposed organic matter. (0 to 8 cm thick)
A--5 to 15 cm; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) gravelly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, and common medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)
C1--15 to 25 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly coarse sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary.
C2--25 to 30cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. (combined thickness of C1 and C2 horizons is 10 to 30 cm)
2C3--30 to 152 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very gravelly sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redox concentrations; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; 35 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Granite County, Montana; 1,900 feet east and 1,100 feet north of the SW corner of sec. 14, T. 10 N., R. 12 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 5 to 8 degrees C
Depth to seasonal high water table - 30 to 60 cm
Depth to sandy-skeletal material - 15 to 51 cm
Organic-carbon content at 125 cm - 0.2 percent or more
A horizon
Value: 2 or 3 moist; 3 to 5 dry
Chroma: 1 to 3; moist or dry
Texture: sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 16 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 25 percent--0 to 20 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
C1, C2 horizons
Value: 4 or 5 moist; 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3; moist or dry
Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy sand or sand
Clay content: 0 to 15 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent--0 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
2C3 horizon
Value: 4 or 5 moist; 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3; moist or dry
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand or sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent--25 to 45 percent gravel, 10 to 25 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
COMPETING SERIES:
Zeph (ID) - have horizons of strong gleying throughout; have more than 35 percent rock fragments in the upper part of the subsoil and more than 60 percent in the lower part
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - stream terraces or flood plains
Elevations - 970 to 1,830 meters
Slopes - 0 to 4 percent
Parent material - alluvium
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers
Mean annual precipitation - 254 to 483 mm
Mean annual air temperature - 4 to 7 degrees C
Frost-free period - 70 to 115 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listed.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; moderately rapid permeability to 30 cm and very rapid below.
USE AND VEGETATION: Canarway soils are used mainly for pasture and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is alder, water birch, willow, cottonwood, sedges, rushes, tall reedgrass, and tufted hairgrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Canarway soils are of small extent in southwestern Montana. MLRAs 43B, 44A, 44B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Granite County, Montana, 1997.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from 0 to 15 cm
Redox concentrations - from 30 to 152 cm (2C3 horizon)
Lithologic discontinuity - at 30 cm (2C3 horizon)
Particle-size control section - from 30 to 105 cm (2C3 horizon)
Canarway soils have a frigid temperature regime, an aquic moisture regime, and an aeric moisture subclass.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil interpretation records - MT1406, MT1432.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.