LOCATION CANNING SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Canning loam - on a southeast-facing slope of 1 percent in native grass. When described the soil was dry throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak and moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--5 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (1YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--12 to 18 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; shiny coats on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 9 to 20 inches.)
Bk--18 to 30 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; many fine and medium soft accumulations of carbonates; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
2C--30 to 60 inches; multicolored stratified loose sand and gravel with numerous fine shale chips; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Hughes County, South Dakota; about 8 miles east and 6.5 miles south of Canning; 2,520 feet north and 66 feet east of fence from the southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 110 N., R. 75 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates is from 12 to 25 inches. Depth to stratified sand and gravel typically is about 30 inches but ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The mollic epipedon ranges from 8 to 19 inches in thickness and includes the upper part of the Bt horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically is loam, but is silt loam in some pedons. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bt1 horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and 2 to 4 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is clay loam or sandy clay loam averaging between 27 and 35 percent clay. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bt2 horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is clay loam or sandy clay loam. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. Some pedons have a Btk horizon.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or gravelly loam. Carbonates are few to many, fine or medium soft accumulations or striations. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Some pedons have a thin C horizon.
The 2C horizon is calcareous gravelly sand, gravelly loamy sand, very gravelly sand, or very gravelly loamy sand. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Jansen series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Canning soils are on terraces and outwash plains with plane or convex surfaces. Slope gradients typically are less than 4 percent but range from 0 to 9 percent. The soils formed in 20 to 40 inches of loamy alluvium over sand gravel. The mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees, and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 24 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Oahe, Orton, and Ree soils. Oahe soils lack argillic horizons. Ree soils lack sand and gravel within a depth of 40 inches. Oahe and Ree soils are on similar landscapes. Orton soils are coarse-loamy and typically are on nearby steeper landscapes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is low or medium. Permeability is moderate through the solum and rapid in the underlying sand and gravel.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are cropped and in native range. Small grain, sorghum, and corn are the principal crops. Native vegetation is mainly western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, needleandthread, sideoats grama, and blue grama.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and south-central South Dakota. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hughes County, South Dakota, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 12 inches (A and Bt1 horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from about 5 to 18 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).