LOCATION CANOTO                  NV

Established Series
Rev. TM/JBF
04/2015

CANOTO SERIES

The Canoto series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Canoto soils are on alluvial fans, inset fans, fan skirts and fan remnants. Slopes range from 2 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 150 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 19 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic Torriorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Canoto very gravelly sandy loam--wildlife habitat. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is partially covered with approximately 50 percent gravel.

A--0 to 5 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; moderate medium and thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and fine vesicular and interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 13 cm thick)

Bk1--5 to 28 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel; few 1 mm thick lime coats on gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 43 cm thick)

Bk2--28 to 56 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel; few 1 mm thick lime coats on gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. 0 to 53 cm thick)

Bk3--56 to 152 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) stratified very gravelly coarse sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 45 percent gravel; few 1 mm thick lime coats on gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; about 2,100 feet north and 850 feet west of the southeast corner of section 4, T.16 S., R.53 E.; latitude 36 degrees 35 minutes 17 seconds N and longitude 116 degrees 01 minute 03 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in some part for short periods during winter and early spring; typic aridic soil moisture regime. The ratio of water utilized for evapotranspiration between summer and winter is about 0.8 to 1, characteristic of the Mojave desert transitional to Sonoran.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 22 degrees C.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.

Control section - Percent clay: 8 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: Average 35 to 60 percent, mainly gravel. Subhorizons with up to 80 percent gravel are in some pedons.

A horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.

Bk horizons
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Texture: Stratified; extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand to gravelly loam. Average texture when mixed is very gravelly sandy loam or very gravelly coarse sandy loam.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Carbonates: Few thin lime coatings, mainly on undersides of rock fragments.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Canutio, Cavespring, Emot, Ogral, Spellacy Storybook, and Yermo series.

Canutio soils have an 8 to 15 inch A horizon and have a ratio of summer to winter evapotranspiration of about 3 to 1, typical of the Chihuahuan desert. Cavespring soils have a ratio of summer to winter evapotranspiration of about 0.4 to 1, typical of the central Mojave desert, and have neutral to moderately alkaline soil reaction. Emot soils have more than 50 percent silt in the fine earth fraction and contain 15 to 25 percent clay. Ogral soils have hues of 7.5YR and 5YR throughout its profile and nongravelly A and C1 horizons. Spellacy soils are moderately deep to bedrock. Yermo soils have a MAST of 15 to 17 degrees C, gravelly C1 horizons, and have a ratio of summer to winter evapotranspiration of about 0.4 to 1, typical of the central Mojave desert. Storybook soils are derived from alluvium derived from granitic rocks and are have summer moisture.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Canoto soils are on alluvial fans, inset fans, fan skirts and fan remnants. These soils formed in alluvium from mixed rocks. Slopes are 2 to 8 percent. Elevations are 765 to 1,375 meters. The climate is arid with cool, moist winters and hot summers, typical of the Mojave desert transitional to Sonoran. The mean annual precipitation is 100 to 180 mm mean annual temperature is 17 to 21 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 180 to 240 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arizo, Naye, Nickel, Weiser and Yurm series. Arizo soils have a sandy-skeletal control section. Naye and Yurm soils have petrocalcic horizons. Nickel soils have calcic horizons. Weiser soils have carbonatic mineralogy.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly creosotebush and white bursage.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. MLRA 30. These soils are moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: PHOENIX, ARIZONA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nye County, Nevada, Southwest Part, 2000. The name is coined.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to a depth of 18 cm (A and part of the Bk1 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Bk2, part of the Bk1 and Bk3 horizons).

Responsibility for this series was transferred from Davis to Phoenix 4/2015. The last revision to the series was 4/2012. ET

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.