LOCATION CANTEEN WAEstablished Series
The Canteen series consists of deep, well drained soils formed in colluvium and residuum from granitic rock with a thin mantle of volcanic ash and loess. These soils are on footslopes and backslopes of mountains. Slopes are 20 to 65 percent. The average annual precipitation is about 21 inches, and the mean annual temperature is about 43 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Andic Haploxerepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Canteen silt loam - on a north-facing 63 percent slopes at an elevation of 2,680 feet under a mixed conifer canopy. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; needles, twigs, cones and partially decomposed organic matter; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--1 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) ashy silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine, and medium roots; NaF pH 10.1; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bw1--6 to 14 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) ashy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak, fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine, and common medium roots; NaF pH 9.8; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
2Bw2--14 to 22 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and coarse roots; 5 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary.
2Bw3--22 to 35 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak, fine, and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and medium roots; 5 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bw horizon is 12 to 36 inches)
2C--35 to 46 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) loamy coarse sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; 10 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick)
2Cr--46 inches; weathered granodiorite bedrock that breaks to gravelly very coarse sand.
TYPE LOCATION: Colville Indian Reservation; Ferry County, Washington; about 4 miles west of the town of Keller; 1,050 feet north, 1,750 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 22, T. 30 N., R. 32 E., W.M.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to weathered granitic rock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. The mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches ranges from 44 to 46 degrees F. These soils are usually moist but are dry in all parts between depths of 8 and 24 inches for 60 to 75 consecutive days following the summer solstice. The volcanic ash mantle dominated by amorphous material is 7 to 14 inches thick, but there may be a component of volcanic ash in the solum to a depth of about 20 inches. The volcanic ash mantle has an estimated moist bulk density of 0.65 to 0.85 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 30 to 60 percent, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron of 1.0 to 2.0 percent and 15-bar water retention of 5 to 12 percent for air dried samples. The particle-size control section averages 6 to 15 percent clay and 5 to 35 percent angular rock fragments. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral throughout.
The A horizon has value of 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3 dry or moist. It is 0 to 10 percent pebbles.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 3 or 4 dry and 3 through 6 moist. It is ashy silt loam, ashy loam, or ashy fine sandy loam and may be gravelly. It is 0 to 20 percent pebbles.
The 2Bw horizon has value of 5 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist, and chroma of 3 or 4 dry or moist. It is loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam and is gravelly in some pedons. It is 5 to 30 percent pebbles and 0 to 5 percent cobbles.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 through 4 dry or moist. It is coarse sandy loam, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand and is gravelly in some pedons. It is 10 to 30 percent pebbles and 0 to 5 percent cobbles.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aits, Apex, Centralpeak, Leadpoint, Moonville (T), Moscow, Moso, Ojibway, Osborn (T), Roslyn, Volperie, and Waits series. Aits soils are more than 60 inches deep and have a hard and firm silt loam, loam, or sandy loam 2B horizon in the lower part of the control section. Apex soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to a densic contact with dense glacial till. Centralpeak, Leadpoint, Moscow, Ojibway, Osborn, and Volperie soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Moonville and Waits soils have free carbonates in the lower part of the control section. Aits, Moscow, Moso, and Ojibway soils are dry for 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice. Roslyn soils average 5 to 30 percent rounded and subrounded pebbles of mixed mineralogy in the particle-size control section and are more than 60 percent volcanic ash in the fine earth fraction in the upper 7 to 14 inches of the profile.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Canteen soils are on footslopes and backslopes of mountains. Elevations range from 2,100 to 4,600 feet. Slopes are 20 to 65 percent. These soils formed in colluvium and residuum from granitic rock, with a mantle of volcanic ash. Rock fragments and bedrock consist of granite, quartz monzonite, granodiorite, diorite, porphyritic rhyodacite, and granitic gneiss. The climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and cold, moist winters. The average annual precipitation is 18 to 25 inches. The mean January temperature is about 23 degrees F, the mean July temperature is about 64 degrees F, and the mean annual air temperature is about 43 degrees F. The frost-free season is 90 to 120 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Centralpeak and Moscow series, and the Bearspring (T), Brusher (T), Capoose (T), Codylake (T), Dinkelman, Kellerbutte (T), Ohscow (T), Spokane, and Togo soils. Bearspring and Ohscow soils are loamy-skeletal. Brusher soils are fine-loamy. Capoose and Kellerbutte soils are ashy over loamy-skeletal, and Capoose soils are moderately deep to a lithic contact. Codylake soils are medial over loamy, and Togo soils are medial over loamy-skeletal. Dinkelman and Spokane soils have a mollic epipedon, and Spokane soils are moderately deep to a paralithic contact. In addition, Codylake and Togo soils are cryic and Spokane soils are mesic.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to very rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Timber production, grazing, wildlife habitat, watershed, and recreation are the principal uses. Native vegetation is Douglas-fir, grand fir, ponderosa pine, western larch, lodgepole pine, Scouler willow, Sitka alder, and Rocky Mountain maple. Understory vegetation is pinegrass, mallow ninebark, creambush oceanspray, pachystima, Columbia brome, common snowberry, white spiraea, fat false-solomans-seal, black mountain huckleberry, longtube twinflower, western prince's pine, queencup beadlily, and Utah honeysuckle.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northcentral Washington. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Colville Indian Reservation, Ferry County, Washington, 1987.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil are an ochric epipedon from 1 to 6 inches, a cambic horizon from 6 to 35 inches that is dominated by volcanic ash to a depth of 14 inches, and a coarse-loamy particle-size class.