LOCATION CANTHOOK MN

Established Series
GWM, JTK, KDS
06/2011

CANTHOOK SERIES

The Canthook series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in 50 to 100 centimeters of loamy and sandy glaciofluvial or eolian deposits and the underlying silty to clayey glaciolacustrine deposits. These soils are on glacial lake plains. Slopes range from 2 to 6 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 4 degrees C. and the mean annual precipitation is about 700 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Albaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Canthook sandy loam on a footslope of 5 percent slope in a wooded area on a glacial lake plain at an elevation of about 408 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 10 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 14 centimeters thick)

Eg--10 to 20 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky parting to weak medium granular structure; very friable; common medium prominent irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron throughout; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear broken boundary. (8 to 20 centimeters thick)

Bg--20 to 56 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy sand, weak medium subangular blocky parting to weak medium granular structure; very friable; common medium prominent irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron throughout; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 36 centimeters thick)

2Bt1--56 to 66 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) clay loam with thin strata of loam to sandy loam; weak thick platy parting to strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; 50 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) skeletans on vertical ped faces; 20 percent patchy dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent irregular strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron and common medium prominent irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron throughout; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2--66 to 97 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) stratified silty clay loam to clay loam to loam; moderate medium platy parting to strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; 90 percent continuous dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent irregular strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron and common medium prominent irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron throughout; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon ranges 10 to 60 centimeters)

2BC--97 to 137 centimeters; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct irregular brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), masses of oxidized iron and many medium distinct irregular gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions throughout; strongly effervescent; contains a few thin varves of dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay (less than 10 percent of the horizon); slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 50 centimeters thick)

2C--137 to 203 centimeters; 80 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and 20 percent dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) stratified silty clay loam to silty clay; massive; firm; few fine threadlike very weakly cemented light gray (2.5Y 7/1) carbonate masses and few fine spherical strongly cemented light gray (2.5Y 7/1) carbonate concretions throughout; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; the dark gray materials are silty clay varves 1/2 to 1 centimeter thick.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 93A-Superior Stony and Rocky Loamy Plains and Hills, Western Part; St. Louis County, Minnesota, Crane Lake subset; about 10 miles north of Orr; 300 feet south and 1,650 feet east of the northwest corner of section 2, T. 65 N., R. 20 W.; USGS Orr Ne topographic quadrangle; latitude 48 degrees 9 minutes 7 seconds N., and longitude 92 degrees 52 minutes 20 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--75 to 150 centimeters
Thickness of glaciofluvial mantle--50 to 100 centimeters
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
Clay content of the underlying glaciolacustrine material--20 to 50 percent
Sand content of the underlying glaciolacustrine material--10 to 30 percent

A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma--1 or 2, 2 dry
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or loam
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

Eg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma--2, 1 or 2 dry
Texture--loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

Bg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--5 or 6
Chroma--2
Texture--loamy sand or loamy fine sand
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon: where present
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loamy sand or loamy fine sand
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Some pedons have Eg' horizons
Some pedons have 2B/E horizons that are very thin

2Bt or 2Btg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Some pedons have a Bk horizon

2BC horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma3 or 4
Texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2C horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 4
Texture--silty clay loam, silty clay or silt loam
Reaction-slightly to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy and sandy glaciofluvial or eolian deposits and the underlying silty to clayey glaciolacustrine deposits
Landform--glacial lake plains
Slope--2 to 6 percent
Mean annual air temperature ranges--3 to 5 degrees C.
Mean annual precipitation--635 to 711 millimeters
Frost-free period--90 to 125 days
Elevation--350 to 450 meters

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bootleg, Foglake, and Longsiding soils.
Bootleg--are on lower lying positions and are poorly drained
Foglake--are on lower lying position, are poorly drained and do not have a sandy mantle
Longsiding--are on similar positions but do not have sandy mantle

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage classsomewhat poorly drained-these soils have a frequently saturated zone as high as 20 centimeters below the surface during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--5 to 50 micrometers per second (moderate to moderately rapid) in the glaciofluvial or eolian mantle and 0.5 to 1.0 (slow to moderately slow) in the silty to clayey layers

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Canthook soils are forested.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains or Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland or Superior Upland
MLRA--Superior Stony and Rocky Loamy Plains and Hills, Western Part
LRR--K; Northern Minnesota
Extent--small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Louis County, Minnesota, 2011. The source of the name is a lake in St. Louis County, MN.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 56 to 97 centimeters
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to 20 centimeters
cambic horizon--the zone from 20 to 56 centimeters
argillic horizon--the zone from 56 to 97 centimeters
abrupt textural change at 56 centimeters
aquic conditions--moisture condition based on prolonged saturation to a depth of 20 centimeters and low chroma colors immediately below the ochric epipedon.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.