LOCATION CASCADESPRINGS CAEstablished Series
The Cascadesprings series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in tephra over till from volcanic rocks. Cascadesprings soils are on ground moraines in the Southern Cascade mountains. Slopes range from 5 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 65 inches (1651 mm) and the mean annual temperature is about 41 degrees F (5 degrees C).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over medial-skeletal, glassy over amorphic, frigid Typic Vitrixerands
TYPICAL PEDON: Cascadesprings gravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, on a north facing (30 degrees) slope of 15 percent, under a cover of pinemat manzanita, lodgepole pine, western white pine, California red fir, and a few mountain hemlocks at an elevation of 6948 feet, (2118 m). When described on 6/5/2007, the soil was slightly moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
Oi--0 to 0.4 inches (0 to 1 cm); slightly decomposed needles, twigs and leaf litter; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--0.4 to 2 inches (1 to 5 cm); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) gravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; 1 percent clay; weak thick platy parting to weak very fine to medium subangular blocky structure; nonsticky, nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few fine tubular and many very fine and fine irregular pores; 15 percent subangular fine gravel and 15 percent subangular medium and coarse gravel; very strongly acid, pH 4.8 by pH meter 1:1 water; NaF pH 9.8; abrupt wavy boundary.
A2--2 to 9 inches (5 to 22 cm); pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; 3 percent clay; weak fine and medium subangular blocky parting to weak very fine and fine granular structure; nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine and fine and common medium roots throughout; many very fine and fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 12 percent subangular fine gravel, 12 percent subangular medium and coarse gravel, 5 percent subangular cobbles; moderately acid, pH 5.6 by pH meter 1:1 water; NaF pH 10.7; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 7 to 11 inches, (17.5 to 28 cm) thick)
2Bwb1--9 to 17 inches (22 to 42 cm); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly medial coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; 3 percent clay; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine to medium and common coarse and very coarse roots throughout; many very fine and fine irregular and common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent subangular fine gravel, 20 percent subangular medium and coarse gravel, and 10 percent subangular cobbles; moderately acid, pH 5.8 by pH meter 1:1 water; NaF pH 11.4; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Bwb2--17 to 27 inches (42 to 68 cm); very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very stony medial loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; 0 percent clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine to very coarse roots throughout; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 6 percent subangular fine gravel, 12 percent subangular medium and coarse gravel, 20 percent subangular cobbles, and 20 percent subangular stones; slightly acid, pH 6.1 by pH meter 1:1 water; NaF pH 11.3; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bw horizon is 16 to 20 inches, (41 to 51 cm) thick)
2Cd--27 to 33 inches (68 to 83 cm); white (2.5Y 8/1) very cobbly ashy sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; 2 percent clay; massive parting to single grain; moderately hard, firm, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine and fine irregular and tubular pores; 14 percent subangular fine gravel, 11 percent subangular medium and coarse gravel, 25 percent subangular cobbles, and 5 percent subangular stones; slightly acid, pH 6.2 by pH meter 1:1 water; NaF pH 10.9
TYPE LOCATION: Shasta County, California, about 0.75 miles southwest of the Summit Lake Ranger Station, approximately 2100 feet north and 800 feet east from the southwest corner of sec 4, T. 30 N, R. 5 E, 40 degrees, 29 minutes, 21 seconds north latitude and 121 degrees, 26 minutes, 12 seconds west longitude, NAD83; USGS Quad: Reading Peak, California.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to restrictive feature: Densic contact 20 to 40 inches (51 to 102 cm).
Mean annual soil temperature: 40 to 43 degrees F (4 to 6 degrees C).
Soil moisture control section is dry: July to October (about 90 days).
Particle-size control section: ashy part, 1 to 3 percent clay, and 10 to 30 percent rock fragments, medial-skeletal part, 0 to 3 percent clay, and 40 to 58 percent rock fragments.
Surface fragments: 3 to 35 percent gravel, 5 to 10 percent cobbles, 2 to 8 percent stones, and 0 to 3 percent boulders.
Some pedons have an AB, 2Cq, or 2Cdq horizon.
A horizon:
Color dry: 10YR 4/2, 4/3, 5/3, 6/2, 6/3, 2.5Y 5/2, 6/2
Color moist: 10YR 2/2, 3/2, 3/3, 4/2, 4/3, 2.5Y 3/2
Texture: ashy sandy loam, gravelly ashy loamy sand, gravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, gravelly ashy sandy loam, gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam, very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Clay content: 1 to 5 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent fine gravel, 2 to 25 percent medium and coarse gravel, 10 to 40 percent total gravel, 0 to 5 percent cobbles, 0 to 5 percent stones, 10 to 50 percent total rock fragments
Organic matter: 4 to 12 percent
Base saturation by ammonium acetate: 3 to 20 percent
Acid oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe: 0.52 to 0.71
P retention: 25 to 55 percent
Glass content: 30 to 40 percent
NaF pH: 9.0 to 11.6
Soil reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid
2Bwb horizon:
Color dry: 10YR 5/4, 6/3, 6/4, 7/2, 7/3, 7/4, 8/3, 2.5Y 6/3, 6/4
Color moist: 10YR 3/3, 3/4, 4/3, 4/4, 5/2, 5/3, 5/4, 2.5Y 4/3, 4/4
Texture: gravelly medial fine sandy loam, gravelly medial sandy loam, very gravelly medial fine sandy loam, very gravelly medial sandy loam, stony medial sandy loam, very stony medial sandy loam, extremely stony medial sandy loam, very gravelly medial coarse sandy loam, very stony medial loamy coarse sand
Clay content: 0 to 8 percent
Rock fragments: 6 to 20 percent fine gravel, 4 to 25 percent medium and coarse gravel, 15 to 45 percent total gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent stones, 30 to 60 percent total rock fragments
Organic matter: 3.5 to 8.5 percent
Base saturation by ammonium acetate: 0 to 5 percent
Acid oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe: 2.35 to 3.10
P retention: 90 to 100 percent
Glass content: 35 to 45 percent
NaF pH: 10.7 to 11.6
Soil reaction: moderately acid to neutral
2Cd horizon:
Color dry: 10YR 6/3, 7/1, 7/2, 8/1, 8/2, 8/3, 2.5Y 8/1
Color moist: 10YR 4/3, 5/2, 5/3, 5/4, 6/1, 6/2, 6/3, 6/4, 2.5Y 5/2, 5/3
Texture: very gravelly ashy sandy loam, extremely gravelly ashy sandy loam, extremely gravelly ashy loamy fine sand, very cobbly ashy sandy loam, extremely cobbly ashy very fine sandy loam, extremely stony ashy sandy loam
Clay content: 1 to 6 percent
Rock fragments: 7 to 26 percent fine gravel, 1 to 50 percent medium and coarse gravel, 8 to 70 percent total gravel, 0 to 25 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent stones, 55 to 70 percent total rock fragments
Organic matter: 0.5 to 1.5 percent
Base saturation by ammonium acetate: 0 to 0.5 percent
Acid oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe: 1.40 to 1.50
P retention: 60 to 75 percent
Glass content: 20 to 30 percent
NaF pH: 10.6 to 11.6
Rupture resistance: slightly hard to very hard
Soil reaction: moderately acid to neutral
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cascadesprings soils are on ground moraines in the Southern Cascade mountains. Slopes are 5 to 30 percent. These soils formed in tephra over till weathered from volcanic rocks. Elevation is 6501 to 7603 feet (1982 to 2318 m). Mean annual precipitation is 59 to 83 inches (1499 to 2108 mm). The mean annual temperature is 41 to 43 degrees F (5 to 6 degrees C). Frost free season is 60 to 85 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Terracelake, Shadowlake, and Cenplat soils. The Terracelake soils are cryic, moderately deep to bedrock, and are on glaciated mountain slopes. The Shadowlake soils are cryic, deep to dense glacial till, and are on ground moraines in glacial valleys. The Cenplat soils are moderately deep to bedrock, and are on glaciated lava plateaus.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; saturated hydraulic conductivity is high to very high the A and 2Bwb horizons, and moderately low in the 2Cd horizon.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for wildlife habitat, recreation, ecosystem management, and watershed. Vegetation is pinemat manzanita, lodgepole pine, western white pine, and California red fir.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The soils are inextensive and are mapped in MLRA: 22B, Southern Cascade Mountains
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: 2009 Shasta County, California. Source of name is from Cascade Springs, where the East Fork of Hat Creek originates at the northeast base of Reading Peak in Lassen Volcanic National Park.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 9 inches, (1 to 22 cm)
Cambic horizon: 9 to 27 inches, (22 to 68 cm)
Densic contact: 27 inches, (68 cm)
Andic soil properties: 2 to 27 inches, (5 to 68 cm)
Particle-size control section: 0.4 to 27 inches, (1 to 68 cm)
Soil moisture control section: 9 to 27 inches, (26 to 68 cm)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data from lab pedon number 08N0100 NSSL, Lincoln, NE. NASIS User Pedon ID in Davis, MLRA Office: 789226.