LOCATION CHEVIOT                 WA

Established Series
Rev. JTK/RJE/KWH/RWL
09/2019

CHEVIOT SERIES


Landscape--canyonlands, hills
Landform--canyons, hillslopes
Slope--0 to 90 percent
Parent material--colluvium derived from basalt mixed with loess
Mean annual precipitation--about 280 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 9 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--aridic
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--xeric

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Cheviot very cobbly loam under grasses and sagebrush (The soil was dry when described.)

A--0 to 25 cm; very cobbly loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; common fine and medium interstitial pores; 10 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary

Bw1--25 to 43 cm; very cobbly silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 20 percent gravel, 30 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary

Bw2--43 to 81 cm; very cobbly silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 15 percent gravel, 40 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); gradual wavy boundary

C--81 to 150 cm; extremely cobbly silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel, 50 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Douglas County, Washington, about 5 km north of Orondo, Washington; about 760 m north and 300 m east of the southwest corner of section 24, T. 25 N., R. 21 E; latitude 47 degrees, 38 minutes, 45 seconds north and longitude 120 degrees, 8 minutes, 10 seconds west

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--8 to 12 degrees C
Particle-size control section--averages 12 to 25 percent clay, 20 to 45 percent sand in fine-earth fraction, and 35 to 70 percent rock fragments
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 43 cm, may include upper part of Bw horizon
Thickness of solum--64 to 100 cm
Moisture control section--dry more than half the time when the soil temperature is higher than 5 degrees C
Base saturation throughout upper 75 cm--assumed more than 75 percent
Reaction--6.6 to 7.8 throughout

A thin (3 to 13 mm) cap of 1980 Mount St. Helens ash is in some pedons.

A horizon
Value--4 or 5 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 moist
Texture--very cobbly loam or very stony silt loam in upper part; very cobbly silt loam, very gravelly silt loam, or very cobbly loam in lower part
Organic matter content--assumed more than 1 percent
Thickness--15 to 43 cm

Bw horizon
Value--3 or 4 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture--very cobbly loam, very cobbly silt loam, extremely cobbly loam, extremely cobbly silt loam, very gravelly silt loam
Gravel content--15 to 35 percent
Cobble content--0 to 40 percent
Stone content--0 to 5 percent
Combined thickness--25 to 71 cm

C horizon, or BC or BCk horizon (where present)
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture--extremely cobbly silt loam, extremely cobbly loam, very cobbly loam
Gravel content--15 to 40 percent
Cobble content--30 to 50 percent
Stone content--0 to 5 percent
Depth to secondary carbonates (where present)--below a depth of 110 cm

COMPETING SERIES:
Hencratt--60 to 150 cm (moderately deep, deep) to a paralithic contact (tuff)
Pait--average more than 50 percent sand throughout particle-size control section; 50 to 100 cm deep to lithologic discontinuity
Redcliff--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (metavolcanic rock)
Schwalbe--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (andesitic tuff)
Whichman--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a lithic contact (andesite)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--90 to 1000 m
Climate--semiarid; warm, dry summers; cold, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--230 to 330 mm
Mean January air temperature--about -4 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 21 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--about 8 to 11 degrees C
Frost-free season--100 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Bakeoven--on ridgetops and plateaus; 10 to 25 cm (very shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Clerf--clayey-skeletal particle-size class; 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Grinrod--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Lickskillet--on ridgetops and plateaus; 25 to 50 cm (shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Renslow--on north-facing slopes; coarse-silty particle-size class
Vantage--clayey-skeletal particle-size class; 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Wipple--clayey-skeletal particle-size class

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing, wildlife habitat
Native vegetation--bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, Sandberg bluegrass

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and southeastern Washington; MLRA 8; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Douglas County, Washington; 1998

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from the surface to a depth of 43 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 43 to 81 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm

The Cheviot soils were included in the Kiona series in some older soil surveys.

The official type location has been moved from Kittitas County, Washington, to Douglas County, Washington, because the original pedon of the type location was not in a map unit of Cheviot soils. In addition, secondary carbonates were described as present above a depth of 112 cm.


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.