LOCATION CHIEFPAN                NV

Established Series
Rev. DHZ/PWB/TM
06/2016

CHIEFPAN SERIES

The Chiefpan series consists of moderately deep to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from quartzite. Chiefpan soils are on fan remnants. Slopes range from 2 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 225 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, mesic Xeric Argidurids

TYPICAL PEDON: Chiefpan extremely gravelly sandy loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted). The soil surface is partially covered with 3 percent stones, 15 percent cobbles and 30 percent gravel.

A1--0 to 2 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and few fine interstitial pores; 55 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 3 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary.

A2--2 to 9 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky, and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 35 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 2 to 19 cm thick)

Bt--9 to 22 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, firm, moderately sticky, and moderately plastic; common fine and few very fine and medium roots; common fine and few very fine and medium irregular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 35 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

Btk--22 to 68 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely gravelly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, and moderately plastic; few very fine through medium roots; few very fine through medium irregular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine secondary calcium carbonate masses on the bottom of rock fragments and on faces of peds; 65 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); abrupt smooth boundary. (30 to 56 cm thick)

Bkqm--68 to 150 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) cemented material, very pale brown (10YR 8/3) moist; very rigid, indurated by secondary silica and secondary calcium carbonate; violently effervescent.

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; about 900 feet east and 0.25 miles north of the southwest corner of section 33, T. 2S., R.67E; USGS Indian Cove 7.5 minute quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 43 minutes 36 seconds N. and longitude 114 degrees 29 minutes 48 seconds W. (37.7268, -114.4967), NAD83; UTM zone 11, 0720614e, 4178452n; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 37.7267778 latitude, -114.4966667 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall except intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days between July and September due to convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 12 degrees C.
Ochric epipedon: 2 to 19 cm thick.
Depth to argillic horizon: 2 to 19 cm.
Depth to the base of argillic horizon and to duripan: 50 to 100 cm.

Particle-size control Section - Clay Content: 35 to 50 percent.
Rock Fragments: averages 60 to 80 percent.

A horizons
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.

Bt horizon
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Clay loam or clay.
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent.
Rock fragments: 45 to 80 percent, mainly gravel, with 0 to 20 percent cobbles.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline (pH 7.4 to 8.4).

Btk horizon
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Clay loam or clay.
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent.
Rock fragments: 60 to 85 percent mainly gravel, with some pedons containing thin sub-horizons that average between 45 than 60 percent.
Concentrations: Secondary calcium carbonate masses less than 2 millimeters thick on the bottom of rock fragments and on faces of peds, 1 to 10 percent of the horizon.
Effervescence: Very slightly or slightly effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline (pH 7.4 to 8.4).

Btkq horizon (when present)
Hue 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent.
Rock fragments: 60 to 80 percent with some pedons containing thin sub-horizons that average between 45 than 60 percent.
Concentrations: 10 to 30 percent of the horizon cemented by silica and calcium carbonate in the form of masses or concretions in the matrix and around rock fragments.
Effervescence: Slightly through violently effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Bkqm horizon
Value: 7 or 8, dry or moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3, dry or moist.
Cementation: Very strongly cemented to indurated.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Chiefpan soils are on undulating to rolling fan remnants at elevations of 1450 to 1850 meters. Slope ranges from 2 to 15 percent. These soils formed in alluvium primarily from quartzite. The climate is cool, semiarid with a mean annual temperature of 7 to 11 degrees C. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm. The frost free period is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Deerlodge, Blackcan, and Linco soils. Deerlodge soils are shallow to a duripan. Blackcan soils are shallow to a duripan and do not have argillic horizons. Linco soils do not have argillic or duripan horizons.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderately slow permeability in the solum and very slow in the duripan; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for wildlife habitat and livestock grazing. Potential native vegetation is Wyoming big sagebrush, galleta, blue grama, snakeweed, bottlebrush squirreltail, and Utah juniper. This pedon has been correlated to ecological site number R029XY167NV, Gravelly Loam 8-10 P.Z.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Nevada. Chiefpan soils are of small extent. MLRA 29.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County (Meadow Valley Area, NV713), Nevada, 2010.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the surface to 9 cm (A1 and A2 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 9 to 68 cm (Bt and Btk horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 68 to 150 cm (Bkqm horizon).
Particle size control section - The zone from 9 to 59 cm (Bt and Btk horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.