LOCATION CHILLUM MD+NJ
Established Series
WDC/Rev. JAK
11/2015
CHILLUM SERIES
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
DEPTH CLASS: Very deep
DRAINAGE CLASS: Well drained
PERMEABILITY: Moderate in the subsoil and moderately slow to moderate in underlying material
SURFACE RUNOFF: Medium
PARENT MATERIAL: Silty eolian material underlain by loamy marine sediments
SLOPE: 0 to 40 percent
MEAN ANNUAL AIR TEMPERATURE (type location): 55 degrees F.
MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (type location): 42 inches
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Chillum silt loam, in a woodland. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A--0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; many medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
E--1 inch to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; very weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common roots; few faint clay films on peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--16 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine, medium, and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few medium roots; many distinct clay films; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 15 to 40 inches.)
2C1--28 to 32 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sandy loam; common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; massive; very firm; brittle; 20 percent, by volume rounded quartz pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2C2--32 to 96 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely gravelly sandy loam; common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3), dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; massive; very firm; brittle; 65 percent, by volume rounded quartz pebbles; few thin seams of ironstone; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Prince Georges County, Maryland; one-half mile south of Cheltenham on U.S. 301.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum Thickness: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 72 inches
Rock Fragments: 0 to 60 percent, by volume in the A and E horizons, less than 1 percent in the B horizons, and 10 to 80 percent in the 2C horizons, mostly quartz pebbles
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid, throughout the profile, unless limed
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 1 to 3
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam
Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam
E horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 5
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
2C horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam or loam
COMPETING SERIES:
Cabool soils--moderately deep to lithic contact and formed in loess underlain by residuum from of chert and sandstone
Fletcher soils--deep to lithic contact and formed in residuum from phyllite
Gnawbone soils--moderately deep to paralithic contact and formed in residuum from siltstone
Greenbriar soils--deep to lithic contact and formed in a silty mantle underlain by residuum from acid shale and siltstone
Jessietown soils--moderately deep to lithic contact and formed in a silty mantle underlain by residuum from acid shale and siltstone
Matapeake soils--do not have a dense, compact 2C horizon that is firm or very firm
Nassawango soils--have a perched water table at a depth of 42 to 72 inches
Purcellville soils--formed in residuum weathered from diorite, biotite schist, and greenstone schist
Talleyville soils--have sola more than 48 inches thick and formed in a silty mantle underlain by residuum weathered from basic rocks
Wernock soils--moderately deep to paralithic contact and formed in residuum weathered from shale, siltstone, and sandstone
Whitley soils--formed in silty alluvium derived from sandstone, siltstone, and shale
Wrays soils--deep to lithic contact and formed in loess underlain by residuum from siltstone
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: Dissected uplands
Elevation: 20 to 370 feet
Parent Material: Silty eolian material underlain by loamy marine sediments
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 47 to 59 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation: 30 to 46 inches
Frost Free Period: 160 to 220 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Aura soils--have a fine-loamy particle size control section and a fragipan
Beltsville soils--modertely well drained, have a fine-loamy particle size control section, and a fragipan, on similar landforms
Croom soils---have a fine-loamy particle size control section, on similar landforms
Matapeake soils--do not have a dense, compact 2C horizon that is firm or very firm, on similar landforms
USE: Most cultivated areas are used for corn, soybeans, small grains, tobacco, pasture, or hay. Many areas of Chillum soils are used for urban development.
VEGETATION: Wooded areas are mixed hardwoods, mostly oaks with some Virginia pine.
DISTRIBUTION: New
Jersey, Maryland, and the District of
Columbia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia
EXTENT: Moderate
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Prince Georges County, Maryland, 1945
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other diagnostic soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 1 inch (A horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 8 to 28 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
SERIES INTERPRETATION RECORD(S): MD0046
OSD-SIR REPORT:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
MD0046 CHILLUM 0- 60 47- 59 160-220 30- 46 20- 370
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
MD0046 NONE 6.0-6.0 - >60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
MD0046 0- 8 SIL L 0- 0 100-100 10-23 -
MD0046 0- 8 GRV-L GRV-SIL 0- 15 30- 55 10-23 -
MD0046 8-28 SIL SICL 0- 0 100-100 18-35 -
MD0046 28-72 GRV-SL GR-SL 0- 0 15- 75 18-23 -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
MD0046 0- 8 4.5- 5.5 1.-3. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
MD0046 0- 8 4.5- 5.5 1.-3. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
MD0046 8-28 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
MD0046 28-72 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2- 2.0 LOW
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.