LOCATION CHIPMAN UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls
TYPIFYING PEDON: Chipman silty clay loam, cultivated. (Colors are for air dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, plastic; few coarse and medium, and common fine roots; common fine and very fine discontinuous pores; strongly calcareous; lime is disseminated; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
Ag--8 to 15 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure that parts to weak medium subangular blocks; hard, firm, slightly sticky, plastic; few medium, and common fine and very fine roots; few coarse and common medium and fine pores; moderately calcareous; lime is disseminated; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Bkg1--15 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky, plastic; few coarse and medium, and common fine roots; common medium and many fine pores; strongly calcareous; lime is disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); clear smooth boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)
Bkg2--20 to 27 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist, few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/5) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky, plastic; few medium and fine and common very fine roots; common medium and many fine pores; very strongly calcareous; lime is disseminated and in soft accretions; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 7 inches thick)
Bkg3--27 to 44 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist, few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few medium and fine roots; common fine and many very fine pores; strongly calcareous; lime is disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 26 inches thick)
Bkg4--44 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist, few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; hard, firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots; common fine and many very fine pores; strongly calcareous with soft lime accretions.
TYPE LOCATION: Utah County, Utah; about 1/2 mile south of Lehi Sugar Factory, about 1,500 feet south and 100 feet west of the NW corner of sec. 21, T.5S., R.1E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: These soils have chroma of 1 or 2. If the chroma is 2, distinct or prominent redoximorphic concentrations occur above 20 inches. Gleying with 5Y or 5GY colors may occur below 30 inches. The seasonal high water table is between 12 to 30 inches, unless drained. The surface 1 foot of the soil drys out during the summer months because of low summer rainfall. Mean annual soil temperature is 47 degrees to 50 degrees F. and the summer soil temperature is 67 degrees to 73 degrees F.
There is a calcic horizon above 16 inches. The control section averages silty clay loam or clay loam, with less than 15 percent sand coarser than very fine sand. Layers ranging from loam to silty clay may occur. These soils are nonsaline to strongly saline and nonalkaline to strongly alkali. They are mildly to strongly alkaline.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2. It contains 20 to 33 percent calcium carbonate equivalent.
The Bkg horizon has value of 3 through 5 moist, 5 through 7 dry, and chroma of 1 through 3. It contains 30 to 60 percent calcium carbonate equivalent.
COMPETING SERIES:
Harpster (IL) soils have surface layers that stay moist longer in summer months.
Logan (UT) soils have gleyed colors with hue of 5Y, 5YG, or 2.5Y within 30 inches.
Leen (MN) soils have surface layers that stay moist longer in summer months with a mean annual precipitation of 22 to 26 inches and 2Cg horizons of glacial till.
Prophetstown (IL) soils have surface layers that stay moist longer in summer months.
Provo Bay (UT) soils have more than 40 percent carbonates.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Chipman soils are on nearly level low lake terraces and stream flood plains at elevations of 4,490 to 4,560 feet. They formed in lacustrine sediments derived mainly from shale and limestone parent rocks. The climate is dry subhumid with a mean annual temperature of 49 degrees to 52 degrees F., and a mean summer temperature of about 70 degrees F. The average annual precipitation is 12 to 16 inches. The frost-free period is 130 to 150 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Beek, Birdow, Keigley and McBeth soils and the competing Ironton and Logan soils. Beek, Birdow, and Keigley soils are well drained and lack mottles. McBeth soils have less than 18 percent clay and lack calcic horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; slow runoff; slow and moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Irrigated crops are corn, small grain, sugar beets, vegetables, pasture and some alfalfa. Native vegetation is bunch grasses and big sagebrush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Utah. The series is moderately extensive. MLRA 28A and 47
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sanpete Soil Survey Area, Utah, 1971.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
Mollic epipedon the zone from 0 to 15 inches (Ap and Ag horizons).
Calcic horizon - the zone from 16 to 60 inches (Bkg horizons).
Aquic condition - gleyed colors and redoximorphic concentrations beginning at 8 inches.
The classification is based on the "Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eighth Edition, 1998".