LOCATION CHIPPEWA HARBOR MITentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid Fragic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Chippewa Harbor sandy loam on a north facing (340 degrees) 3 percent convex slope at an elevation of 228 meters in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 1 centimeters (0 to 0.5 inches); black (7.5YR 2.5/1) slightly decomposed plant material; very friable; many very fine to coarse roots throughout; extremely acid, abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 4 centimeters thick)
AE--1 to 5 centimeters (0.5 to 2 inches); black (7.5YR 2.5/1) and brown (7.5YR 5/3) sandy loam, very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) and gray (7.5YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots throughout; about 2 percent cobbles and 6 percent gravel; strongly acid, pH 5.1 in 1:1 water solution; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters thick)
Bs--5 to 15 centimeters (2 to 6 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to medium roots throughout; about 2 percent cobbles and 6 percent gravel; moderately acid, pH 5.9 in 1:1 water solution; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 25 centimeters thick)
E/B--15 to 43 centimeters (6 to 17 inches); 70 percent brown (7.5YR 5/3) and 30 percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; about 2 percent medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and 2 percent coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; about 2 percent cobbles and 6 percent gravel; moderately acid, pH 5.9 in 1:1 water solution; clear irregular boundary. (0 to 30 centimeters thick)
E/Bx--43 to 81 centimeters (17 to 32 inches); 70 percent brown (7.5YR 5/3) and 30 percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium platy structure; very firm; few very fine roots throughout; about 2 percent coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and 2 percent medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; about 2 percent cobbles and 6 percent gravel; slightly acid, pH 6.4 in 1:1 water solution. (10 to 40 centimeters thick)
2R--81 centimeters (32 inches); basalt bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Isle Royale National Park, Keweenaw County, Michigan; about one-half mile northwest of Chippewa Harbor; 1300 feet south and 1600 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 18, T65N, R34W, USGS Lake Richie, MI, topographic quadrangle; lat. 48 degrees 1 minute 58.10 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 40 minutes 18.10 seconds W. NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to bedrock: 50 to 100 centimeters
Total rock fragment content: 0 to 35 percent as a weighted average of the particle size control section
Gravel content: 0 to 25 percent
Cobble and stone content: 0 to 15 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid
Depth to redoximorphic features: 15 to 100 centimeters
Some pedons have an A horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or silt loam
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
AE horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 2.5 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or silt loam
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Some pedons have an E horizon
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or silt loam
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Some pedons have a Bhs horizon
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or silt loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
Bs horizon
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or silt loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
Some pedons have a B/Ex horizon.
E part of the E/B, E/Bx and B/Ex horizons
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand or silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
B part of the E/B, E/Bx and B/Ex horizons
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam or silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
2R horizon
Bedrock: igneous or metamorphic
COMPETING SERIES: There are none. The closely related Michigamme series may compete when the mineralogy class is updated. The Michigamme series lacks redoximorphic features within 100 centimeters of the soil surface.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Parent material: loamy glacial till
Landforms: bedrock controlled ground moraines overlying igneous or metamorphic bedrock
Slope: 0 to 25 percent
Elevation: 180 to 600 meters
Mean annual precipitation: 760 to 865 millimeters
Mean annual air temperature: 4 to 6 degrees C.
Frost-free period: 80 to 140 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Michigamme,
Montreal,
Arcadian,
Quetico,
Bugcreek and
Peshekee soils:
Michigamme - well drained soils with bedrock at depths of 50 to 100 centimeters on higher or more sloping landscape positions
Montreal - very deep, moderately well drained soils with a fragipan on similar landscape positions
Arcadian - well drained, loamy-skeletal soils with bedrock at depths of 25 to 50 centimeters on higher or more sloping landscape positions
Quetico - well drained soils with bedrock at depths of 10 to 25 centimeters on higher or more sloping landscape positions
Bugcreek - very deep, poorly drained soils in depressions
Peshekee - well drained soils with bedrock at depths of 25 to 50 centimeters on higher or more sloping landscape positions
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained
Surface runoff is negligible to high, dependent on slope.
Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and slow or very slow in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested. Principal species are sugar maple, red maple, yellow birch, white pine, eastern hemlock, paper birch, white spruce, balsam fir and quaking aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, MLRA 93B. This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES PROPOSED: Isle Royale National Park, Keweenaw County, Michigan, 2006
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - surface to 4 centimeters (Oi, AE horizons)
Spodic horizon - 5 to 15 centimeters (Bs horizon)
Lithic contact - basalt bedrock at 81 centimeters (2R horizon)
Particle size control section - the zone from 25 to 81 centimeters
Oxyaquic feature - redoximorphic concentrations and soil saturation above 81 centimeters
Fragic feature - 30 percent or more of a layer 15 inches or more in thickness is brittle and has firm or firmer rupture resistance class. (E/Bx horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to lab pedon no. 07N0161 for Primary Characterization Data from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE.