LOCATION CHIQUITA OK+KS TX
Tentative Series
CPH-SLM
03/2017
CHIQUITA SERIES
The Chiquita series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy alluvium and/or loess of Holocene age over the Ogallala Formation of Miocene-Pliocene age. These soils are on gently to strongly sloping stream terraces and stream terrace remnants on hillslopes of the Southern High Plains, Breaks (MLRA 77E). Slope ranges from 1 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 520 mm (20 in) and mean annual air temperature is about 15 degrees C (59 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Calcidic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Chiquita loam--on a 2 percent convex slope, on an interfluve, in pastureland (cropland returned to improved pasture) at an elevation of 790 m (2592 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky parting to moderate medium and moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and few medium roots throughout; very slightly effervescent (2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.3; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the Ap horizon: 6 to 28 cm [2 to 11 in])
Btk1--13 to 47 cm (5 to 19 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4), moist; moderate medium prismatic parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots and very few medium roots throughout; many prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/3), moist, clay films on all faces of peds; common medium distinct irregular carbonate masses in matrix; 3 percent 2 to 5 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; very slightly effervescent (4 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline, pH 8.5; gradual smooth boundary.
Btk2--47 to 76 cm (19 to 30 in); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4), moist; weak medium prismatic parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots between peds; few prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4), moist, clay films on all faces of peds and few prominent brown (7.5YR 4/3) organoargillans on all faces of peds; common fine distinct threadlike carbonate masses on surfaces along root channels; common medium distinct irregular moderately cemented carbonate nodules in matrix; 1 percent 2 to 5 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; very slightly effervescent (2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline, pH 8.6; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Btk horizons: 26 to 165 cm [10 to 65 in])
2Bkk--76 to 99 cm (30 to 39 in); pink (7.5YR 7/3) clay loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4), moist; weak medium platy parting to strong medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; very few fine roots between peds; many distinct carbonate coats on all faces of peds; finely disseminated carbonate throughout, many fine distinct platy carbonate masses on horizontal faces of peds and many fine faint dendritic carbonate masses on surfaces along root channels; 3 percent 2 to 5 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; strongly effervescent (44 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline, pH 9.0; gradual smooth boundary. (23 to 77 cm thick [9 to 30 in)]
2BCk--99 to 203 cm (39 to 80 in); pink (7.5YR 7/4) loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4), moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; very few very fine roots throughout; few faint carbonate coats on all faces of peds; common coarse prominent spherical moderately cemented carbonate nodules in matrix and common fine distinct threadlike carbonate masses throughout; 3 percent 2 to 5 mm, and 3 percent 5 to 20 mm indurated well-rounded quartzite fragments; strongly effervescent (34 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline, pH 9.0.
TYPE LOCATION: Beaver County, Oklahoma; from the intersection of Highway 412 and county road 1510 between Elmwood and Slapout, 2 miles north; then 2860 ft (872 m) east and 760 ft (232 m) north of the southwest corner of section 7, Township 2N, Range 26E (Cimarron Meridian).
USGS topographic quadrangle: Clear Lake, Oklahoma
Latitude: 36 degrees, 38 minutes, 49.86 seconds N
Longitude: 100 degrees, 17 minutes, 51.99 seconds W
Datum: WGS84
Decimal Degrees
Latitude: 36.6471833
Longitude: -100.2977750
UTM Northing: 4056520
UTM Easting: 383991
UTM Zone 14S
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm (80 in)
Thickness of ochric epipedon: 6 to 28 cm (2 to 11 in)
Thickness of argillic horizon: 27 to 155 cm (11 to 61 in)
Depth to secondary carbonates: 0 to 26 cm (0 to 10 in)
Depth to calcic horizon: 20 to 94 cm (8 to 37 in)
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 41 to 155 (16 to 61 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Section range: upper 50 cm (20 in) of the argillic horizon
Silicate clay: 18 to 34 percent
Clay-sized carbonate: 1 to 4 percent
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; size-fine to coarse gravels; kind-indurated well-rounded quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
A or Ap horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 5 dry, 3 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 moist or dry
Texture: silt loam, loam or clay loam
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent; size-fine to medium gravels; kind- indurated well-rounded quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 3 percent
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction (pH): neutral to moderately alkaline (6.6-8.4)
Bw horizons or upper Bk horizons (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; size-fine to medium gravels; kind- indurated well-rounded quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Identifiable calcium carbonate: amount-0 to 7 percent; kinds-films, masses, nodules, threads, concretions or finely disseminated carbonate
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Effervescence: none to strong
Reaction (pH): neutral to moderately alkaline (6.6-8.4)
Btk horizons and Bt horizons (where present):
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; size-fine to medium gravels; kind- indurated well-rounded quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Identifiable calcium carbonate: amount-0 to 25 percent; kinds-films, masses, nodules, threads, concretions, or finely disseminated carbonate
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 25 percent
Effervescence: very slight to strong
Reaction (pH): slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline (7.4-9.0)
Bkk horizons, and lower Bk, and BCk horizons (where present):
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam, loam, sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; size-fine to medium gravels; kind- indurated well-rounded quartzite, feldspar, ironstone, and sandstone
Identifiable calcium carbonate: amount-10 to 65 percent; kinds-films, masses, nodules, threads, concretions or finely disseminated carbonate
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 50 percent
Effervescence: strong to violent
Reaction (pH): slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline (7.4-9.0)
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar series include the
Plemons(TX) soils.
Plemons soils: have a fine-silty particle size class
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: loamy alluvium and/or loess of Holocene age over alluvium from the Ogallala Formation of Miocene-Pliocene age.
Landform: stream terrace, stream terrace remnant
Slope: 1 to 8 percent
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 220 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual air temperature: 14 to 16 degrees C (57 to 61 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 382 to 660 mm (15 to 26 in)
Frost-free period: 180 to 210 days
Elevation: 600 to 1500 m (1968 to 4921 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index: 25 to 36
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Abbie,
Alopark(T),
Alowood(T),
Catesby(T),
Case,
Darrouzett, Dreyfoos(T), Follett(T),
Irene,
Laverne,
Mansic,
Mocane(T),
Ochiltree(T),
Oklark,
Paloduro,
Shalowood(T),
Slapout(T), and
Woods series.
Abbie,
Darrouzett, Follett, and
Irene soils occur on similar stream terrace remnants and stream terraces.
Abbie soils: have a mollic epipedon, and do not have a calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Darrouzett soils: have a mollic epipedon more than 50 cm (20 in) thick, a fine particle-size class, and slickensides within 50 cm (20 in) of the soil surface
Follett soils: have a mollic epipedon, and a fine-silty particle-size class
Irene soils: have a mollic epipedon more than 50 cm (20 in) thick, a fine-silty particle-size class, and do not have a calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Alopark,
Case,
Oklark,
Mansic,
Mocane, and
Woods soils occur on slightly higher or adjacent landscapes and are formed in
Laverne (
Valentine) Member, Ogallala Formation.
Alopark soils: have a coarse-loamy particle-size class, and do not have an argillic horizon
Case soils: have a fine-loamy particle-size class, and do not have an argillic horizon
Oklark soils: have a mollic epipedon, a coarse-loamy particle size class, and do not have an argillic horizon
Mansic soils: have a mollic epipedon, a fine-loamy particle-size class, and do not have an argillic horizon
Mocane soils: have a sandy particle-size class, and do not have an argillic horizon
Woods soils: have a mollic epipedon, a fine particle size class, and slickensides within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface
Alowood and
Shalowood soils occur on lower landscape positions and have Tertiary age Ogallala colluvium over Permian age sandstones, mudstone and siltstone.
Alowood soils: have a fine-silty particle-size class, do not have an argillic horizon, and are moderately deep (50 to 100 cm [20 to 40 in]) to a paralithic contact with Permian-age residuum
Shalowood soils: have a loamy particle-size class, do not have an argillic horizon, and are shallow (25 to 50 cm [10 to 20 in]) to a paralithic contact with Permian-age residuum
Catesby,
Laverne,
Ochiltree,
Paloduro, and
Slapout soils occur in higher landscape positions and are formed in
Kimball or Ash
Hollow Members, Ogallala Formation.
Catesby soils: have a mollic epipedon, a coarse-loamy particle-size class, do not have an argillic horizon, and have paragravelly or paracobbly subsoils of caliche between 50 and 200 cm (20 to 80 in) of the soil surface of parent material derived from the Ash
Hollow or
Kimball members of the Ogallala formation.
Laverne soils: have a mollic epipedon, do not have an argillic horizon, have greater than 35 percent fragments in the control section, and a petrocalcic horizon within 50 cm (20 in) of the soil surface.
Ochiltree soils: do not have an argillic horizon, have greater than 35 percent fragments in the control section, and a petrocalcic horizon within 25 cm (10 in) of the soil surface.
Paloduro soils: have a mollic epipedon, a fine-loamy particle-size class, do not have an argillic horizon, and do not have a calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 in) of the soil surface.
Slapout soils: have a coarse-loamy particle-size class, do not have an argillic horizon, and have paragravelly or paracobbly subsoils of caliche between 50 and 200 cm (20 to 80 in) of the soil surface of parent material derived from the Ash
Hollow or
Kimball members of the Ogallala formation.
Dreyfoos soils: occur on higher landscapes in eolian sands, do not have an argillic horizon, and have textures coarser than loamy fine sand throughout
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Permeability: moderate
Runoff: negligible on less than 1 percent slopes, low on 1 to 5 percent slopes, and medium on 5 to 8 percent slopes
USE AND VEGETATION:
Used mainly for rangeland, but some areas are cultivated with wheat and sorghums being the principal crops. Climax native vegetation is dominantly short grasses with a few mid grasses and includes blue grama and buffalograss, with lesser amounts of vine-mesquite, western wheatgrass, sideoats grama, galleta, tobosa, silver bluestem, wild alfalfa, and prairieclover.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern High Plains, Breaks (MLRA-77E in LRR H) of northwestern Oklahoma, the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles, and adjacent areas of Southwestern Kansas. This soil is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES PROPOSED: Beaver County, Oklahoma, 2008. The name is from a stream on the west side of Beaver County.
REMARKS:
Many pedons have argillic horizons between 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in) that have been engulfed and destroyed by accumulation of carbonates.
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in) (Ap horizon)
Secondary carbonates: 13 to 203 cm (5 to 80 in) (Btk1, Btk2, 2Bkk and 2BCk horizons)
Argillic horizon: 13 to 47 cm (5 to 19 in) (Btk1 horizon)
Calcic horizon: 76 to 203 cm (30 to 80 in) (2Bkk and 2BCk horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: 76 cm (30 in)
ADDITIONAL DATA: KSSL data available: S2010OK007003 (TL-Beaver County, OK)
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.