LOCATION CINNAMON WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over medial, glassy over amorphic, frigid Typic Udivitrands
TYPICAL PEDON: Cinnamon sandy loam - under a coniferous forest on a 35 percent southeast-facing backslope at an elevation of 2,260 feet. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise noted. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--4 to 3 inches; needles, leaves, and twigs.
Oa--3 inches to 0; decomposed organic matter.
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam (volcanic ash), dark brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium roots; many fine irregular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 5 inches thick)
Bw1--3 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) loamy sand (volcanic ash), yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; many fine irregular and common fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--11 to 22 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand (volcanic ash) light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine, and medium and few coarse roots; many fine irregular and common fine tubular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 17 to 25 inches)
2Bw3--22 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic and weakly smeary; many fine and medium roots; many fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 20 percent soft weathered pumice fragments and 5 percent hard gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (12 to 16 inches thick)
2Bw4--35 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, slightly sticky and nonplastic and weakly smeary; common fine roots; many fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 30 percent soft weathered pumice fragments and 10 percent hard gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Skamania County, Washington; on U.S. Forest Service road N816, about 2,000 feet south and 2,600 feet east of the northwest corner, sec. 8, T. 7 N., R. 5 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The average annual soil temperature is 45 to 47 degrees F. The ashy mantle is 20 to 30 inches thick and contains more than 60 percent volcanic ash and cinders. These soils are usually moist and dry less than 45 consecutive days in the moisture control section.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 to 6 dry, and chroma of 2 or 3 moist or dry. It has weak fine granular or subangular blocky structure. It has 10 to 12 percent 15-bar moisture (dry).
The Bw horizon has value of 3 or 4 moist, 5 or 6 dry, and chroma of 3 or 4 moist and dry. It has weak or moderate subangular blocky structure and has textures of loamy sand or sandy loam. Reaction is moderately acid or neutral. It has 10 to 12 percent 15-bar moisture (dry).
The 2Bw horizon has value of 4 or 5 moist, 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 4 to 6 moist or dry. It has medium to strong subangular blocky structure. Texture is sandy loam or loam with 5 to 15 percent andesitic pebbles and 20 to 50 percent soft weathered pumice. It has greater than 15 percent 15-bar moisture (dry). Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid. In some pedons, the lower part of the 2Bw horizon below 40 inches is compacted or weakly cemented and is very hard or hard when dry.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar soils are the Loony, Louploup, and Tolo series. These soils are all ashy over loamy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cinnamon soils are on terraces, benches, ridgetops, footslopes, and backslopes of mountains at elevations of 1,600 to 2,800 feet. Slopes are 2 to 90 percent. The soils formed in pyroclastic flows of volcanic ash and pumice overlying an older weathered tephra layer. The climate is marine with cool, wet winters and warm, moist summers. Average annual precipitation is 100 to 135 inches. Average January temperature is about 31 degrees F; average July temperature is about 62 degrees F. Average annual temperature is 43 to 45 degrees F. The frost-free season is 90 to 110 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Lonestar, Swift, Vanson and the competing Yalelake soils. Lonestar and Vanson soils are cryic. Swift soils are ashy over loamy-skeletal. Vanson soils are medial-skeletal.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for timber production, recreation, wildlife habitat, and watershed. Native vegetation is mainly Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western redcedar, red alder, and some Pacific silver fir with an understory of salal, Oregon-grape, red huckleberry, thimbleberry, vine maple, willow, western brackenfern, and western swordfern.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West slopes of the Cascade Mountains in northern Skamania, northeast Clark, and southeast Cowlitz Counties, Washington. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Skamania County, Washington, 1981.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon from the mineral surface to 3 inches, a cambic horizon from 3 to 60 inches, and a lithologic change from young ash to weathered tephra at 22 inches. Field test of NaF pH is less than 9.2 in the A; 11.5 in the Bw, and 12.0 in the 2Bwb horizon. The particle-size control section has an estimated moist bulk density of less than 0.90 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 30 to 60 percent, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron of more than 1 percent. Udivitrands feature - less than 12 percent 15-bar moisture (dry) throughout 90 percent of upper 60 cm. More investigation is needed to confirm the medial classification of the "B" tephra set (2Bw).
Classification change date 6/98 based on mineralogy class revision in Soil Taxonomy.