LOCATION CLAYBANKS MI

Established Series
Rev. JKC-WEF-MLK
08/2012

CLAYBANKS SERIES

The Claybanks series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in clayey till on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 787 mm (31 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 7.8 degrees C (46 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Haplic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Claybanks silt loam, on a 2 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; about 3 percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

E/B--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E); occupies about 65 percent of the horizon and occurs as tongues (greater than 5mm wide) which extend into or completely surround isolated remnants of reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains in root channels or pores or both; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; about 3 percent fine gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) thick]

Bt1--28 to 43 cm (11 to 17 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; many faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; about 3 percent fine gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--43 to 51 cm (17 to 20 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; few clay films on faces of peds; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions; about 3 percent fine gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 13 to 51 cm (5 to 20 inches).]

Bk--51 to 152 cm (20 to 60 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay; massive; firm; common medium pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) masses of carbonate; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; about 5 percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Oceana County, Michigan; about 4 miles west of Rothbury; 1,400 feet west and 20 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 35, T. 13 N., R. 18 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: greater than 152 cm (60 inches)
Depth of carbonates: 46 to 91 cm (18 to 36 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 50 to 60 percent clay
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum and ranges to moderately alkaline in the lower part

Ap horizon:
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, or clay loam
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent

E part of the E/B horizon:
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, or clay loam
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent

Bt part of the E/B horizon and the Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: clay or silty clay
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent

Bk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: clay or silty clay
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Claybanks soils are on ground moraines and end moraines. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent. The Claybanks soils formed in clayey till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 813 mm (30 to 32 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 7.2 to 8.3 degrees C (45 to 47 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hoytville, Nappanee, Gowdy, and Tustin soils. The somewhat poorly drained Nappanee and very poorly drained Hoytville soils are in a drainage sequence with the Claybanks soils. Gowdy and Tustin soils have a layer of sandy material over the clayey material. Tustin soils are on similar positions on the landscape as Claybanks soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is high or very high depending on slope gradient. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low. Permeability is slow.

USE AND VEGETATION: Claybanks soils are cultivated in most areas. Corn and small grains are principal crops. Native vegetation is sugar maple, American beech, American elm, white ash and American basswood.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 98 in mid-western lower Peninsula of Michigan. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Oceana County, Michigan, 1992.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are:
Ochric horizon: from the surface to a depth of 18 cm (7 inches) (Ap horizon).
Albic horizon: from a depth of 18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches) (E part of the E/B horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 51 cm (11 to 20 inches) (Bt horizon).
Glossic horizon: from a depth of 18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches) (E/B horizon)
Haplic feature: glossic horizon is 10 cm (4 inches) thick.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.