LOCATION CLYDE                   IA+IL MN WI

Established Series
Rev. TRD-ECS-RJB
06/2015

CLYDE SERIES

The Clyde series consists of very deep, poorly and very poorly drained soils formed in 75 to 150 centimeters of loamy glacial outwash or erosional sediments and the underlying loamy till. These soils are on nearly level positions, swales and concave drainageways on interfluves on dissected till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 840 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Clyde silty clay loam, on an east-facing, concave slope of 1 percent, in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 43 centimeters; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; about 2 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

AB--43 to 58 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few black (10YR 2/1) worm casts; common fine distinct olive (5Y 5/3) and olive (5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent fine gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 30 to 60 centimeters.)

Bg1--58 to 71 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine pores; olive gray (5Y 5/2) and dark gray (5Y 4/1) coats on faces of peds; few fine faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; about 2 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2--71 to 104 centimeters; olive gray (5Y 5/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; common fine pores; gray (5Y 5/1) coats on faces of peds; few fine dark brown accumulations (oxides); common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg3--104 to 112 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), gray (5Y 5/1), and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; thin stone line in lower part contains rock fragments up to 8 centimeters in diameter; about 2 percent fine gravel throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 10 to 70 centimeters.)

2BCg--112 to 157 centimeters; gray (5Y 5/1) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine black accumulations (oxides); about 4 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (20 to 50 centimeters thick)

2BC--157 to 200 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate coarse and extremely coarse prismatic structure dissected by few oblique fractures; very firm; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 6/1) redoximorphic depletions; many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 4 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Howard County, Iowa subset; about 3 1/2 miles north and 3 miles east of Riceville; located about 1,100 feet north and 53 feet east of the southwest corner of section 3, T. 99 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Lime Springs NW topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 25 minutes 5.9 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 29 minutes 44.0 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--30 to 60 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--114 to greater than 200 centimeters
Depth to till--75 to 150 centimeters
Rock fragment content--0 to 3 percent boulders (more than 250 millimeters in diameter) igneous, metamorphic and dolomitic on or below surface
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--24 to 30 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--25 to 45 percent
Special feature--some pedons have a stone line or thin layer, 2 to 15 centimeters thick, of gravelly and sandy materials at the base of the silty or loamy sediments

A horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 or 1
Texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--10 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 5 percent fine gravel, igneous, metamorphic and dolomitic
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.2 g/cc to 1.5 g/cc

Bg horizon:
Hue--5Y or 2.5Y in upper part; 7.5YR to 5Y in lower part
Value--4 to 6 in upper part; 5 or 6 in lower part
Chroma--1 or 2 in upper part; 1 to 8 in lower part
Texture--clay loam, loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--15 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent fine gravel, igneous, metamorphic and dolomitic
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
Moist bulk density--1.30 g/cc to 1.70 g/cc

Some pedons have thin, less than 15 centimeters thick, strata of silt loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

2BCg and 2BC horizon:
Hue--7.5YR to 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 8
Texture--loam
Clay content--10 to 35 percent, mean of 22 percent
Sand content--25 to 52 percent, mean of 44 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 12 percent, igneous, metamorphic and dolomitic
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.60 g/cc to 1.90 g/cc

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Faxon, Kossuth, Letri, Marengo, Mound Creek, Reddick, Selma, Selmass, Tripoli, Webster, and Wolcott series.
Faxon--have a lithic contact within a depth of 100 centimeters
Kossuth--have carbonates within depths of 66 to 122 centimeters and do not have rock fragments in the upper third of the series control section
Letri--have carbonates within a depth of 75 centimeters
Marengo--have rock fragments of dominantly sandstone, siltstone, and shale
Mound Creek--have a lithic contact with quartzite within a depth of 100 centimeters
Reddick--have a sand content of less than 20 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Selma--have a clay content that averages less than 15 percent and have a sand content of more than 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Selmass--have a sand content that averages more than 80 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Tripoli--have till with moist bulk density of 1.75 g/cc to 1.90 g/cc within depths of 46 to 75 centimeters
Webster--have carbonates within a depth of 114 centimeters and have a moist bulk density of less than 1.60 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Wolcott--have a moist bulk density of less than 1.60 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--75 to 150 centimeters of loamy glacial outwash or erosional sediments and the underlying loamy till
Landform--nearly level positions, swales and concave drainageways on interfluves on dissected till plains
Slope--0 to 4 percent
Elevation--155 to 470 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--4 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--685 to 990 millimeters
Frost-free period--135 to 210 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bassett, Floyd, Oran and Readlyn soils.
Bassett--are on higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 1.0 and 1.8 meter during the wettest portions of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Floyd--are on higher landscape positions, have a mollic epipedon 40 to 60 centimeters thick and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 1 meter during the wettest portions of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Oran--are on higher landscape positions, have an ochric epipedon 13 to 43 centimeters thick, have till with moist bulk density of 1.75 g/cc to 1.90 g/cc within depths of 30 to 75 centimeters, and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 1 meter during the wettest portions of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Readlyn--are on higher landscape positions, have a mollic epipedon 30 to 49 centimeters thick, have till with moist bulk density of 1.75 g/cc to 1.90 g/cc within depths of 30 to 75 centimeters, and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 1 meter during the wettest portions of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly and very poorly drained--these soils are frequently saturated at the soil surface to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods portions of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation, both perched and apparent saturation can occur on this soil based on precipitation frequency and intensity during a given period of time
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.0 to 10.0 micrometers per second in the loamy glacial outwash or erosional sediments and 0.01 to 1.0 micrometers per second in the underlying till
Flooding--occasionally to frequently flooded for brief or very brief duration in drainageway positions

USE AND VEGETATION:
Where artificially drained, Clyde soils are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. Where not artificially drained, Clyde soils are pastured. The native vegetation is big bluestem, western wheatgrass, sedges, blue grama and other species of the tall grass prairie that are tolerant of excessive wetness. See Additional Data section for native vegetative cover in Iowa and Minnesota.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Dissected till plains and Wisconsin driftless section
MLRAs--Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B), and Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRR M; northeastern Iowa, north-central Illinois, southeastern Minnesota, and western Wisconsin
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Allegan County, Michigan, 1901.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A, AB, Bg1, and Bg2 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 200 centimeters (A, AB, Bg1, Bg2, Bg3, 2BCg, and 2BC horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 58 centimeters (A and AB horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 58 to 200 centimeters (Bg1, Bg2, Bg3, 2BCg, and 2BC horizons);
udic moisture regime.

Some pedons have vertical seams or wedges of sand or loamy sand about 5 to 30 centimeters wide and about 0.9 to 1.2 meters deep extending downward from the stone line into the till.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Pedon data from soil characterization lab at Iowa State University and the KSSL was evaluated in January 2013 in revising the Range in Characteristics.

Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-user pedon ID 56IA089010 and 56IA089004 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).

In Iowa and Minnesota, the native vegetative cover is a herbaceous wetland community commonly inhabited with Bluejoint Grasses, Fowl Bluegrasses, Green Muhlies, Fox Sedges, Field Sedges, Dudleys Rushes, Torreys Rushes, Swamp Milkweeds, False Sneezeweeds, False Asters, New England Asters, White Panicled Asters, and Wild Mints. Source: Iowa State Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des Moines, IA.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.