LOCATION COTTMAN                 NJ+DE MD

Established Series
DMB-PK/Rev. SYD/RBT
11/2017

COTTMAN SERIES

MLRA(s): 153D
Soil Survey Regional Office (SSRO) Responsible: Raleigh, North Carolina
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class: Subaqueous (permanently submersed)
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately low to moderately high
Parent Material: Lagoon bottom barrier side lagoonal deposits with origin as barrier island eolian deposits
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 56 degrees F. (13 degrees C)
Mean Annual Water Temperature: 57 degrees F. (14 degrees C)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, subactive, nonacid, mesic Haplic Sulfiwassents

TYPICAL PEDON: Cottman fine sandy loam, on permanently submerged lagoon bottom barrier side landform on 0.5 percent slope, under 268 centimeters of strongly saline water. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Aseg--0 to 5 inches (0 to 13 centimeters); dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) fine sandy loam; massive; non-sticky, slightly plastic; nonfluid; 5 percent coarse prominent cylindrical 7.5YR 4/6 masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries throughout; 1 percent flat shell fragments; neutral; gradual boundary.

Cseg1--5 to 38 inches (13 to 96 centimeters); dark greenish gray (10Y 3/1) fine sandy loam; massive; slightly sticky, moderately plastic; nonfluid; 10 percent flat shell fragments; slightly alkaline; gradual boundary.

2Cseg2--38 to 59 inches (96 to 150 centimeters); greenish black (10Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam; massive; moderately sticky, moderately plastic; moderately fluid; 3 percent flat subangular shell fragments; sulfurous odor; slightly alkaline; gradual boundary.

2Cseg3--59 to 99 inches (150 to 252 centimeters;) greenish black (10Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam; massive; moderately sticky, moderately plastic; slightly fluid; 3 percent flat subangular shell fragments; sulfurous odor: slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Ocean County, New Jersey; approximately 1.0 mile southeast of the Forked River outflow channel of the Oyster Creek nuclear power generating plant; and approximately 1.5 miles south southeast from the inflow channel for the Forked River; in Barnegat Bay. USGS Forked River topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees, 20 minutes 30 seconds N. and longitude 74 degrees 15 minutes 52 seconds W., WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 200 centimeters
Depth to seasonal high water table: Permanently submersed
Shell Fragments: 0 to 10 percent, by volume, throughout
Soil reaction: Neutral to moderately alkaline; oxidized reaction: ultra acid
Depth to Lithologic Discontinuity: 75 to 125 centimeters
Depth to sulfidic materials: 0 to 50 centimeters
Electrical Conductivity: Greater than 2.1 dS/m
Salinity: Greater than 18 ppt throughout the profile

Range of Individual Horizons:
Ase horizon:
Color--hue of 5Y or 10Y, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 2.5 to 4
Texture-sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or loam
Consistence--non-fluid to very fluid
Sulfurous odor and sulfidic materials are present.

Cseg horizon:
Color--hue of 10Y or 5GY, value of 2.5 to 4, and chroma of 1, or is neutral with value of 2.5 to 4
Texture-sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or loam
Consistence--non-fluid to fluid
Sulfurous odor and sulfidic materials are present.

2Cseg horizon:
Color--hue of 10Y or 5GY, value of 2.5 to 4, and chroma of 1, or is neutral with value of 2.5 to 4
Texture-sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, or silty clay loam,
Consistence--non fluid to very fluid
Sulfurous odor and sulfidic materials are present.

COMPETING SERIES:
Pasture Point soils--are found on submerged wave-cut platforms

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain estuaries
Landform: Lagoon bottom on barrier island side
Parent Material: Heterogeneous lagoonal and barrier island eolian dune sediments
Slope: Less than 0.2 percent
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 50 to 58 degrees F. (10 to 14 degrees C.)
Mean Annual Water Temperature: 52 to 58 degrees F. (11 to 14 degrees C.)
Water Regime: Tidal, 1.0 to 2.0 feet tidal range

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Demas soils--are sandy soils formed in barrier island dune sediments on storm-surge washover fan flats and slopes
Indian River soils--are sandy soils formed in flood-tidal delta sediments
Marshneck soils--are found on flood-tidal delta slopes and not lagoon bottom barrier side landforms and are on steeper slopes
Tingles soils--are fine-silty soils formed in lagoonal sediments on lagoon bottoms

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class: Subaqueous (permanently submerged)
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately low to moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for recreation and benthic habitats as a source for food, shelter, and other essential life support.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and possibly Virginia
Extent: Small

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ocean County, New Jersey, 2016.

REMARKS:
Soil is permanently submerged with salt or brackish water. The presence of sulfidic material within 20 inches (50 centimeters) of the soil surface puts these soils at risk for acid sulfate drainage if they are dredged and exposed to the air.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Peraquic feature - Positive soil water potential (permanently submerged) at the soil surface. (Under 73 inches (185 centimeters) of salt water)
Sulfidic materials - within 20 inches (50 centimeters) of the soil surface. (the Ase and Cgse horizons)

NASIS user site ID: 2012MD047034.

MLRA = 153D

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Balduff, D.M., 2007. Pedogenesis, Inventory, and Utilization of Subaqueous Soils in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.