LOCATION COTTREE UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Cottree loam, on a southwest facing, 3 percent slope in irrigated cropland at an elevation of 6,380 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine, few medium and coarse roots; common fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent, (8 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in coatings on rock fragments 1 mm thick; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary.
ABk1--6 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak very fine and fine subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent, (2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in coatings on rock fragments 1 mm thick; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.
ABk2--12 to 17 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, few fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent, (10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in coatings on rock fragments 1 mm thick; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Ap, ABk1, ABk2 horizons - 14 to 19 inches)
2ABk3--17 to 21 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very gravelly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, few fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 55 percent gravel; slightly effervescent (9 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in coatings on rock fragments 1 mm thick; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 13 inches thick)
3ABk4--21 to 29 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, few fine roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent, (9 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in coatings on rock fragments 1 mm thick; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
4ABk5--29 to 40 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) extremely cobbly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles and 10 percent stones; very slightly effervescent, (6 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in coatings on bottom of rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 17 inches thick)
5BCk--40 to 57 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) extremely stony loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; single grained; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic, weakly cemented by lime; few very fine roots; 35 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles and 20 percent stones; slightly effervescent, (13 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in few pendants and few coatings on bottom of rock fragments 1 mm thick; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual smooth boundary. (14 to 17 inches thick)
5CBk--57 to 65 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) extremely cobbly sand, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; 40 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles and 10 percent stones; very slightly effervescent, (3 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and segregated in few coatings on bottom of rock fragments 1 mm thick; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Uintah County, Utah; about 3 miles north northwest of Whiterocks; located about 1,600 feet west and 1,500 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 1 N., R. 1 W., USBM; Ice Cave Peak, Utah USGS quad; lat. 40 degrees 30 minutes 33 seconds N. and long. 109 degrees 57 minutes 31 seconds W., NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is affected by precipitation that falls evenly throughout the year with a slight increase in the summer and fall. Aridic moisture regime bordering on ustic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 47 to 52 degrees F.
Depth to lithologic discontinuities: 14 to 27 inches
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 20 to 47 inches
Particle-size control section (weighted average): 20 to 35 percent clay and 35 to 80 percent subrounded gravel, cobbles, and stones from limestone, sandstone, and quartzite.
A and ABk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Texture: loam or clay loam
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Underlying ABk horizons (discontinuities):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Texture: extremely gravelly clay loam, extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, and very gravelly loam
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
BCk and CBk horizons:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Chroma: 2 or 4
Texture: extremely stony loamy sand, extremely cobbly coarse sand, extremely gravelly coarse sand, and extremely cobbly sand
Rock fragments: 60 to 80 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 30 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Tesajo series. Tesajo soils do not have secondary calcium carbonate above 30 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium derived from quartzite, sandstone, and limestone
Landform: flood plains
Slopes: 2 to 5 percent
Elevation: 5,600 to 6,800 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 8 to 12 inches
Frost-free period: 110 to 140 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Baldfield, Paradox, and Surfaz series.
Baldfield, Paradox, and Surfaz soils do not have a mollic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, low runoff, moderate permeability. These soils are rarely flooded.
USE AND VEGETATION: The major uses are irrigated cropland, irrigated pasture, and rangeland. Potential native vegetation consists of basin wildrye, western wheatgrass, basin big sagebrush, and rubber rabbitbrush. These soils have been correlated to Loamy Bottom (Basin Big Sagebrush) - 034XY009UT range site in Utah.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeast Utah. LRR D, MLRA 34. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Uintah County, Uintah Area Soil Survey, Utah. 1998. The name is coined.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 10 to 40 inches.
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 40 inches.
Lithologic discontinuity: Starting at the top of the 2ABk3 horizon.
Percent calcium carbonate equivalent was determined by field calcimeters.
Taxonomic version: Eighth Edition, 1998.
NSSL# S89UT047003. Only the top 29 inches of the pedon were sampled. As such, the determination of a calcic horizon based on the lab data is inconlusive.