LOCATION CRAVEN NC+AL GA SC VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, subactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Craven silt loam - cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
E--7 to 9 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 12 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine and medium roots; common fine and medium pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--12 to 22 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate fine angular blocky structure; very firm, sticky, plastic; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; common fine pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--22 to 36 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay; common fine and medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) and common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; very firm, sticky, plastic; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine pores; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--36 to 46 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay; many medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1), common medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8), and common fine distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium angular blocky structure; very firm, sticky, plastic; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt ranges from 24 to 50 inches.)
BC--46 to 54 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3), common fine and medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8), and common fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium platy structure; very firm, sticky, plastic; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
C1--54 to 70 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; common lenses and pockets of sandy clay loam; common fine faint reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and few fine and medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; massive; very friable; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--70 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; common fine and medium faint reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and few fine and medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; massive; very friable; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Craven County, North Carolina; 4 miles northwest of Vanceboro on N.C. 43; 0.6 mile east on S.R. 1644; 30 feet west of road in cultivated field.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 24 to 36 inches, December to April
Rock Fragment content: 0 to 3 percent, by volume, throughout
Soil Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid, except where limed
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. Eroded pedons are clay loam, sandy clay loam or silty clay loam.
E horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.
BE or BA horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loam, clay loam, silt clay loam, or sandy clay loam.
Bt horizon (upper part):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Other features-- average clay content of the Bt horizon is 35 to 55 percent and silt plus the very fine sand content is more than 30 percent
Bt horizon (lower part):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8 with few to many mottles of chroma 2 or less or hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 2 with iron masses in shades of red, yellow, and brown
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Other features-- average clay content of the Bt horizon is 35 to 55 percent and silt plus the very fine sand content is more than 30 percent
BC or BCg horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2 with mottles in shades of red, yellow, or brown. Some pedons have BC horizons with dominant chroma of 3 or more and many mottles of chroma 2 or less
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, clay, sandy clay, or sandy clay loam
C horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6. Pedons with dominant chroma of 3 or more have many mottles of chroma 2 or less
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand.
Redoximorphic features -- in shades of red, brown, and yellow are in most pedons
COMPETING SERIES:
Eulonia soilshas less than 30 percent silt in the PSCS
Maubila soilshave fragments of ironstone
Nevarc soilshas a perched water table
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Coatal Plain
Landform: Upland
Geomorphic Component: Flat
Parent Material: Marine sediments
Elevation: 20 to 100 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 59 to 67 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 40 to 60 inches
Frost Free Period:
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Bayboro soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
Bladen soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
Exum soils-- have less clay
Goldsboro soils-- have less clay
Grantham soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
Leaf soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
Lenoir soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
Lynchburg soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
Nahunta soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
Norfolk soils-- have less clay and occur on higher, well drained landscape positions
Rains soils-- have poorer drainage and are on lower landscape positions
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class (Agricultural): moderately well drained
Index Surface Runoff: negligible to very high
Internal Free Water Occurrence: moderately deep, common
Permeability: slow
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: crops and woodland
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated-- corn, soybeans, tobacco, cotton, small grain, peanuts, and pasture. Where wooded-- loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), red maple (Acer rubrum), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), water oak (Quercus nigra), southern red oak (Quercus falcata), yellow-poplar (Liriodendro tulipifera), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), white oak (Quercus alba), post oak (Quercus stellata), American holly (Ilex opaca), and other overstory species. Understory species include bitter gallberry (Ilex glabra), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), grape (Vitus spp.), Carolina jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens), large gallberry (Ilex coriacea), honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), and summersweet clethra (sweet pepperbush) (Clethra alnifolia)..
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Coastal Plain of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, and perhaps other southern states
Extent: large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Craven County, North Carolina, 1930.
REMARKS: Newseries soils were previously mapped as...
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 9 inches (Ap & E horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 9 to 46 inches (Bt horizons)
Aquic conditions--the soil has redox depletions and concentrations within the upper 24 inches of the argillic horizon, with periodic saturation and reduction at some time during the year
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 60 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: (1) This series is among Benchmark soils; characterization data at type location exists in S77NC-49-1 and on alternate site S78NC-49-44.
(2) North Carolina State University
(a) Swelling pressure and COLE data on undisturbed B horizon samples at the type location in Craven Co., North Carolina.
Bt1 Bt2 Bt3
Swelling pressure (lbs/sq in) 108 1002 141
COLE .04 .06 .04
(b) Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) data from 1 pedon Craven Co., North Carolina; from undisturbed 3-inch cores collected for cooperative research by N.C.S.U., SCS, and the Craven County Health Department.
Horizon Depth (in.) K (in./hr.)
Ap 1-4 1.88-2.16
A2 6-9 0.18-0.32
Bt1 13-16 0.09-0.10
Bt1 20-23 0.16
Bt2 29-32 0.14
Bt3 40-43 0.13
Data Map Unit ID (type location): 00000
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation CRAVEN 0- 12 59- 64 190-240 40- 52 20- 100FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NONE 2.0-3.0 APPARENT DEC-APR 60-60
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- 0- 9 L FSL SIL 0- 0 95-100 7-27 - 0- 9 CL SICL SCL 0- 0 95-100 27-40 - 9-54 C SIC SICL 0- 0 95-100 35-60 - 54-80 CL SL LS 0- 0 95-100 5-35 -
Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll 0- 9 3.5- 6.5 .5-2. 0- 0 0.2- 2.0 LOW 0- 9 3.5- 5.5 .5-2. 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 MODERATE 9-54 3.5- 5.5 0.-0. 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 MODERATE 54-80 3.5- 5.5 0.-0. 0- 0 0.2- 6.0 LOW