LOCATION CROWFORK                MN

Established Series
Rev. TCJ-AGG-KDS
01/2011

CROWFORK SERIES

The Crowfork series consist of very deep, excessively drained soils that formed in glacial outwash. These soils are on nearly level to moderately steep convex slopes on stream terraces and outwash plains. Slope ranges from 1 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 775 millimeters. Mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Psammentic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Crowfork loamy sand, on a 2 percent slope, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless other wise noted.)

Ap--0 to 28 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (25 to 34 centimeters thick)

E--28 to 51 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand, weak very fine subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; very friable; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 77 centimeters thick)

E and Bt--51 to 114 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand (E); single grain; loose; brown (7.5YR 4/3) loamy sand (Bt), 0.6 to 8 centimeters thick, with thin lamellae of sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (37 to 102 centimeters thick)

Bt and E--114 to 193 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand (Bt); lamellae about 10 centimeters apart and 2 to 5 centimeters thick; weak medium subangular blocky structure; brown (10YR 5/3) sand (E); single grain; about 5 percent shale fragments; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. (0 to 90 centimeters thick)

C--193 to 203 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single grain; loose; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Wright County, Minnesota subset; about 4 miles south of Buffalo; located about 1,400 feet west and 50 feet south of the northeast corner of section 29, T. 119 N., R. 25 W.; USGS Delano topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 05 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 51 minutes 12 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to lamellae--25 to 150 centimeters
Depth to free carbonates--150 to more than 200 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--2 to 10 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--80 to 95 percent, more than 50 percent medium sand
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, mostly shale, in the Bt and C horizons.
The moisture control section is moist in some or all parts throughout the year in normal years.

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loamy sand, loamy fine sand or sand
Clay content--2 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

E (when present) and E part of the E and Bt, Bt and E horizons:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 99 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid

Bw horizons (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loamy fine sand or loamy sand
Clay content--2 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt part part of the E and Bt, Bt and E horizons:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loamy sand, loamy fine sand, with thin bands of sandy loam in some pedons
Clay content--3 to 15 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Thickness of lamellae--0.5 to 8 centimeters with total thickness more than 15 centimeters in the series control section

C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--sand or coarse sand
Clay content--0 to 5 percent
Sand content--90 to 100 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--glacial outwash, Late Wisconsin age
Landform--nearly level to moderately steep convex slopes on stream terraces and outwash plains
Slope--1 to 35 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 205 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Biscay, Klossner, Litchfield, Medo, Muskego, and Suckercreek soils.
Biscay--are at lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated at the surface of the soil during the wettest periods of normal years
Klossner--are at lower landscape positions and have organic horizons 41 to 127 centimeters thick over loamy materials
Litchfield--are at lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.75 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Medo--are at lower landscape positions and have organic horizons 41 to 127 centimeters thick over sandy materials
Muskego--are at lower landscape positions and have organic horizons 41 to 127 centimeters thick over coprogenous materials
Suckercreek--are at lower landscape positions on flood plains and have carbonates in all parts between depths of 25 to 50 centimeters

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--excessively drained--these soils do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Some areas are in pasture and woodland. The native vegetation is tall grass prairie and mixed deciduous hardwood forest-mostly oaks.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), and
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR M; south-central and southeastern Minnesota
Extent--small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wright County, Minnesota, 1998.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 51 to 101 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 193 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 28 centimeters;
argillic horizon--lamellae with combined thickness of 15 centimeters within a depth of 193 centimeters (E and Bt and Bt and E horizons);
udic moisture regime.

This soil was previously correlated as Rasset. However, this soil did not fit the proper classification of what is presently called Rasset. Also, most of the lamellae, identified previously as sandy loam and sandy clay loam, is now loamy sand or loamy fine sand due to reevaluation of texture of lamellae. 1/12/2011-TYPE LOCATION error corrected.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.