LOCATION CUMBERSTONE MD
Established Series
SLD-DRV-EHE/Rev. JWB
11/2015
CUMBERSTONE SERIES
MLRA(s): 149A (Northern Coastal Plain)
Depth Class: Very Deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Somewhat poorly drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately low to moderately high
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Parent Material: Silty eolian deposits and/or fluviomarine sediments
Slope: 0 to 10 percent
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 13 degrees C. (55 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 1092 mm (43 inches)
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Cumberstone silt loam, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine and very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 28 cm thick)
Bt1--23 to 38 cm (9 to 15 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine and very fine roots between peds; few fine tubular pores; many medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron masses; common coarse prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--38 to 58 cm (15 to 23 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few fine roots between peds; common fine tubular and vesicular pores; common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron masses; many medium prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 15 to 86 cm)
Btg--58 to 84 cm (23 to 33 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few fine tubular and vesicular pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron masses; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 28 cm thick)
2Agb1--84 to 102 cm (33 to 40 inches); dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse angular blocky; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine distinct dark olive brown (2.5Y 3/3) and common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) iron masses; common fine prominent very pale brown (10YR 8/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; less than 5 percent, by volume, fine well rounded mixed gravel; extremely acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Agb2--102 to 137 cm (40 to 54 inches); very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) iron masses; common fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; less than 5 percent, by volume, fine well rounded mixed gravel; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness Agb horizon is 20 to 56 cm)
2Btgb--137 to 157 cm (54 to 62 inches); very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; many medium and coarse prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron masses; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 51 cm thick)
2BCgb--157 to 183 cm (62 to 72 inches); olive gray (5Y 5/2) sandy clay; friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; many fine distinct pale yellow (5Y 7/4) and many medium and coarse prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) iron masses; trace fine well rounded mixed gravel; extremely acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Anne Arundel County, Maryland; on Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, south of Ivy Neck Farm, about 3,600 feet east northeast of the intersection of Corey Island Road and Cumberstone Road; USGS Deale, Maryland topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 52 minutes 23.27 seconds N. and long. 76 degrees 31 minutes 31.94 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to base of upper Argillic horizon: 64 to 114 cm (25 to 45 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 183 cm (72 inches)
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches), January to March
Rock Fragments: 0 to 5 percent, by volume, in the 2Agb, 2Btgb and 2BCgb horizons, none above the lithologic discontinuity.
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid, unless limed
Depth to Buried horizons (and Lithologic Discontinuity, if present): 71 to 165 cm (28 to 65 inches)
Other Features: Trace amounts up to 5 percent, by volume, glauconite pellets throughout the profile.
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 or 6
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shades of red, yellow or brown and iron depletions in shades of olive or gray
Btg(if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shades of red, yellow or brown and iron depletions in shades of olive or gray
BCg or Cg horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shades of red, yellow or brown and iron depletions in shades of olive or gray
Agb or 2Agb horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 2.5 to 5, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam, silty clay, sandy clay loam, clay loam or clay
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shade of red, yellow or brown, iron depletions in shades of, olive or gray, and clay depletions in shades of white
Btgb or 2Btgb horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2 or is neutral with value of 4 to 6
Texture--sandy clay loam, sandy clay, clay loam, silty clay loam or clay
Redoximorphic features--iron masses in shades of red, yellow or brown and clay depletions in shades of light gray or white
BCgb, Cg, 2BCgb or 2Cg horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 5Y to 10GY, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2 or is neutral with value of 5 to 7
Texture--loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam or sandy clay
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shades of red, yellow or brown and iron depletions in shades of olive, green or gray
Other features--0 to 20 percent, by volume, glauconite pellets
COMPETING SERIES:
Mattapex soils--have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) below the soil surface, and do not have a buried A horizon or clayey textures in the lower subsoil or substratum
Crosiadore soils--do not have clayey textures in the lower subsoil or substratum
Leipsic soils--have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) below the soil surface, and do not have a buried A horizon or clayey textures in the lower subsoil or substratum
Sharptown soils--have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 46 to 107 cm (18 to 42 inches) below the soil surface, and have glauconite in and below a silty mantle
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: Fluviomarine Terrace
Geomorphic Component: Treads
Hillslope Profile Position: N/A
Parent Material: Silty eolian deposits and/or fluviomarine sediments
Slope: 0 to 10 percent
Elevation: 1.5 to 6 meters (5 to 20 feet)
Frost Free Period: 160 to 190 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 10 to 14 degrees C. (50 to 58 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 102 to 122 cm (40 to 48 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Shadyoak soils--(poorly drained); depth to seasonal high water table within 25 cm (10 inches); on slightly lower landforms
Deale soils--(somewhat poorly drained) on slightly lower landforms; have a dominance of chroma 1 or 2 colors in the upper 13 cm (5 inches) of the argillic horizon.
Mattapex soils--(moderately well drained) and have no buried A horizon or restricted permeability in the substratum
Elkton soils--(poorly drained) with no buried A horizon, on slightly lower landforms
Crosiadore soils--do not have clayey texture in the lower subsoil and substratum
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class (Agricultural): Somewhat poorly drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Shallow (25 to 50 cm) and common (present 3 to 6 months)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None Index Surface Runoff: High or very high
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately low to moderately high
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderately slow or slow
Shrink-swell Potential: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cropland, woodland, and urban development
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, soybeans, hay, and turf grass sod. Where wooded--sweetgum, red maple, holly.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
Distribution: Quaternary Talbot formation; terraces along the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
Extent: Small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Anne Arundel County, Maryland, 2003.
REMARKS: Cumberstone soils were previously mapped with the Keyport (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludults) and Mattapex (fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludults) series, however the heaviest textures in Cumberstone soils occur below the particle-size control section and therefore the soils behave similarly to Keyport, but do not classify as Keyport. Cumberstone soils are heavier textured than Mattapex soils in the lower subsoil and substratum due to the clayey buried A and Bt horizons.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 23 cm (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zones from 23 to 84 cm (Bt and Btg horizons) and from 137 to 157 cm (2Btgb horizon).
Aquic conditions--the soil has redox depletions and concentrations within the upper 60 cm of the argillic horizon, with periodic saturation and reduction at some time during the year
Other features recognized in this pedon are:
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 183 cm
Buried soil zone below 84 cm (2Agb1, 2Agb2, 2Btgb and 2BCgb horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity-abrupt textural contact starting at a depth of 84 cm (2Agb1 horizon). Although not a strongly contrasting particle size difference, particle size analysis indicates distinct difference in particle size distribution and there is some evidence that mineralogy is distinctly different.
ADDITIONAL DATA: This pedon sampled as S95MD-003-002 and analyzed by the Pedology Lab at the University of Maryland.
Data Mapunit ID (type location): To be developed
Previous revisions: 2001-SLD,DRV,EHE; 11/2002-DAS,JAK; 10/2004-SLD,DHK, 8/2005-JWB
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.