LOCATION CALEB                   IA+MO

Established Series
Rev. JDH-MRL-AWY
01/2011

CALEB SERIES

The Caleb series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in alluvial sediments derived from glaciers. These soils are on treads and risers of high stream terraces of major streams and their tributaries. Slope ranges from 5 to 25 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 10 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 940 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Caleb loam, on a southeast-facing slope of 9 percent, in an area recently planted to trees. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE--20 to 33 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak coarse platy structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt and fine sand coats on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1--33 to 56 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; many distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt and fine sand coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--56 to 86 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; many distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt and fine sand coats on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--86 to 109 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam stratified with thin (3 to 10 mm) lenses of sandy loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; friable; common distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4--109 to 147 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam stratified with thin (5 to 25 mm) lenses of sandy loam and sandy clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

BC--147 to 173 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

C--173 to 200 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam with thin (5 to 25 mm) lenses of sandy loam and sandy clay loam; massive; friable; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) dry sand coats on strata; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 109-Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain, Wayne County, Iowa subset; about 3 miles west and 2 miles north of Plano; located about 1,140 feet north and 1,180 feet east of the southwest corner of section 1, T. 69 N., R. 20 W.; USGS Plano topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 48 minutes 01 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 06 minutes 43 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to stratified materials--75 to 185 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 200 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--22 to 32 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--30 to 40 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, loam, or clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--25 to 50 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
Thickness--15 to 23 centimeters

E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam or loam
Clay content--20 to 26 percent
Sand content--5to 40 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
Thickness--0 to 15 centimeters

In some pedons the E horizon is mixed in the Ap horizon and evident only as grainy coats on faces of peds.

BE horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--20 to 32 percent
Sand content--30 to 45
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
Thickness--0 to 20 centimeters

Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or is stratified with these texture
Clay content--5 to 35 percent
Sand content--30 to 60
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent
Thickness--50 to 130 centimeters

BC and C horizons:
Hue--7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 or 6
Chroma--2 to 8
Texture--loamy sand, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam or is stratified with these texture
Clay content--10 to 30 percent
Sand content--40 to 85 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Thickness of the BC horizon--0 to 30 centimeters

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Angus, Argyle, Bassett, Blooming, Cortland, Gara, Koronis, Lester, Newcomer, Orwood, Racine, Sebbo, Taopi, Waucoma, and Winneshiek series.
Angus--have carbonates within a depth of 135 centimeters
Argyle--have matrix hue redder than 7.5YR in the lower half of the series control section
Bassett--have a moist bulk density of 1.75 to 1.9 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Blooming--have carbonates within a depth of 165 centimeters
Cortland--do not have stratification within the series control section
Gara--have carbonates within a depth of 178 centimeters
Koronis--have a clay content that averages 18 to 24 percent in the particle-size control section
Lester--have carbonates within a depth of 140 centimeters
Newcomer--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 100 centimeters
Orwood--have a sand content of 15 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Racine--have a moist bulk density of 1.75 to 1.9 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Sebbo--have a clay content that averages 18 to 25 percent and a sand content that averages 15 to 40 percent in the particle-size control section
Taopi--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters and have a rock fragment content of 10 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Waucoma--have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters
Winneshiek--have a lithic contact with limestone bedrock within a depth of 100 centimeters

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--alluvial sediments derived from glaciers
Landform--treads and risers of high stream terraces
Slope--5 to 25 percent
Elevation--155 to 460 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--840 to 1,040 millimeters
Frost-free period--170 to 210 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Kniffin, Ladoga, Mystic, and Pershing soils.
Kniffin, Ladoga, and Pershing--occur on slightly higher landscape positions and have a sand content that averages less than 5 percent and a clay content that averages more than 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Mystic--occur on slightly higher landscape positions and have a clay content that averages 35 to 45 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth between 1.0 and 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of most years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second

USE AND VEGETATION:
More gently sloping areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, oats, and grass-legume hay. More steeply sloping areas are pastured or woodlots. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous trees (oak and hickory) and big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, West Central Part (108C); Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part (108D); and Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109)
LRR M; southern Iowa and northern Missouri
Extent--moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED:
Appanoose County, Iowa, 1970.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 33 to 83 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 33 centimeters (Ap and BE horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 33 to 147 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons);
udic moisture regime.

This update relocates the type location to better represent the central concept of the Caleb series. 1/25/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.

These areas are distinctly higher in elevation than the modern flood plains but are lower in elevation than the late Wisconsin age dissected slopes.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-User Pedon ID 91MO129014 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.