LOCATION DAGLUM ND+MT SD
Established Series
TMC-CJH
01/2023
DAGLUM SERIES
The Daglum series consists of deep and very deep, moderately well and well drained soils formed in clayey alluvium or residuum on foot slopes and swales on terraces and uplands. These soils have slow or very slow permeability. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 42 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation is about 16 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Vertic Natrustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Daglum silt loam - on a broad upland flat having a 1 percent slope in cropland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. Where described the soil was dry throughout.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick)
E--7 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky and weak medium platy; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine pores; light gray (10YR 7/2) coatings; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Btn1--8 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong fine and medium columnar structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and plastic; common very fine roots along faces of peds; many very fine pores; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt coatings on tops of columns; many faint clay films on faces of peds; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist coatings on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Btn2--14 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots along faces of peds; many very fine pores; many faint clay films on faces of peds; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist coatings on faces of peds; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined Btn horizons 7 to 16 inches thick)
Bky1--18 to 26 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; strong fine and medium angular and subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist coatings on faces of peds; few fine gypsum crystals; common fine and medium irregularly shaped masses of lime; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bky2--26 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine pores; common fine and medium gypsum crystals; common fine and medium irregularly shaped masses of lime; violent effervescence; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined Bky horizons 0 to 20 inches thick)
BCk--32 to 47 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine pores; common fine threads of lime; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C--47 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine pores; few fine gypsum crystals; common fine irregularly shaped masses of lime; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Adams County, North Dakota; about 8 miles north and 1 mile east of Reeder; 1950 feet east and 1355 feet north of the southwest corner, sec. 26, T. 132 N., R. 98 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Soft sedimentary beds of shale, siltstone or fine grained sandstone are below depths of 40 inches. Stony and saline phases are recognized. Some pedons have Ab horizons.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2. It typically is clay loam or silty clay loam, but some is fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam or silty clay. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. It is moderately acid to neutral. It has weak prismatic or blocky structure parting to weak or moderate platy. In some tilled pedons all of the E horizon has been mixed with the Ap horizon.
The Btn horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6 and 2 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is clay, silty clay, silty clay loam or clay loam containing 35 to 60 percent clay. It has strong columnar structure in the upper part grading to moderate or strong prismatic and blocky in the lower part. The Btn horizon ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the upper part and slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline in the lower part. The exchangeable sodium exceeds 15 percent or the sodium plus magnesium exceeds calcium plus hydrogen. Salt crystals and some carbonate masses are in the lower part in some pedons.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is clay loam, clay or silty clay. It is slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline. Some pedons have salt or gypsum accumulations and some do not. Some pedons have Byz, By or Bz horizons up to 10 inches thick.
The BC and C horizons have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 3 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. They are clay loam, silty clay, silty clay loam or clay. They are slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline. Some pedons have gypsum accumulations and some do not. The C horizon is stratified in some pedons. Texture of loam is allowed below a depth of 40 inches. Soft sedimentary beds of shale, siltstone or fine grained sandstone are below depths of 40 inches in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Janesburg series as previously classified. Janesburg soils are moderately deep to soft siltstone, shale or mudstone.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Daglum soils are on level and nearly level terraces and on level to moderately steep uplands. They are on foot slopes and swales. Slope gradients range from 0 to 25 percent. The soils formed in clayey alluvium or residuum from shale, siltstone, or fine grained sandstone. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 13 to 19 inches. Most of the precipitation comes in the spring and summer.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Belfield,
Farland,
Grail,
Lawther,
Moreau,
Morton,
Reeder,
Regent,
Rhoades,
Wyola and
Shambo soils. Belfield and Rhoades soils are in complex with the Daglum series. Belfield soils have interfingering of an E horizon into the Btn horizon and do not have strong columnar structure. Rhoades soils have visible salts or gypsum within a depth of 16 inches. None of the other soils have natric horizons. They are on nearby terraces and uplands.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well and well drained. Runoff is negligible to high depending on slope. Permeability is slow or very slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for range, pasture and small grains. Native vegetation is western wheatgrass, blue grama, green needlegrass, needleleaf sedge and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western North Dakota, northwestern South Dakota, and eastern Montana. The soil is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bowman County, North Dakota, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 18 inches (Ap, E, Btn1 and Btn2 horizons); natric horizon - the zone from 8 to 18 inches (Btn1 and Btn2 horizons); vertic criteria - LE of more than 6 cm in the upper meter.
ADDITIONAL DATA: North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station laboratory data number S62ND-45-1.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.