LOCATION DALBO MN
Established Series
Rev. LMC-MPD-AGG
02/2011
DALBO SERIES
The Dalbo series consists of very deep, moderately well and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in calcareous clayey glacial lacustrine sediments on lake plains and moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 18 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 660 mm (26 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 42 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Dalbo silt loam with a 3 percent convex slope on a glacial lake plain in an aspen forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
0e--0 to 1 inch; organic litter, mainly partially decomposed leaves, twigs, and grass. (0 to 2 inches thick)
A--1 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium and fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches)
E--2 to 6 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak medium and thick platy structure; firm; many fine and medium roots; common very fine vesicular pores; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 12 inches thick)
B/E--6 to 9 inches; 90 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam (Bt); 10 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E); moderate weak medium angular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay; strong medium fine, and very fine angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--15 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay; few fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Fe depletions; strong fine and very fine angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on the faces of peds; common fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined Bt horizon is 10 to 24 inches thick.)
Bt3--21 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Fe concentrations; moderate medium and weak fine and very fine angular blocky structure; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on the faces of peds; few fine roots; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 16 inches thick)
C--35 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; common fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and few fine prominent gray (5Y 6/1) Fe depletions; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Itasca County, Minnesota; about 10 miles southeast of Northome; 100 feet south and 1,350 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 14, T. 150 N., R. 27 W.; USGS Coddington Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 49 minutes 4 seconds N., and long. 94 degrees 3 minutes 53 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates range from 20 to 42 inches. The series control section does not have rock fragments. The argillic horizon has 35 to 60 percent of clay. B/A clay ratios commonly exceed 1.4. The upper part of the argillic horizon has more than 40 percent clay. The argillic horizon averages less than 20 percent fine sand and very fine sand.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The E horizon has value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. The A and E horizons are silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. They are moderately acid to neutral. Cultivated pedons have an Ap horizon ranging from 6 to 10 inches in thickness and that has a value of 5.5 or more when dry.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It has Fe depletions with chroma of 2 or less at least in some part of the upper 10 inches. It is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. It has few to many, thin distinct or prominent thick clay films in some to all parts. It is strongly acid to neutral.
Some pedons have Bk horizons with masses or concretions of calcium carbonates.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay but thin strata of silt loam are included. Some pedons have loamy glacial till below 50 inches. It is slightly or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or slightly convex slopes on glacial lake plains and moraines. These soils commonly are in small nearly level to sloping areas about 5 to 30 acres in size. Slope gradients range from 0 to 30 percent. These soils formed in calcareous clayey lacustrine sediments of Late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 33 inches. Frost-free days range from 88 to 150. Elevation above sea level ranges from 670 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Brickton soil is the main one. These soils are poorly drained and are on lower lying or less sloping terrain. They formed in similar sediments.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is moderately low or moderately high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, expressed in inches per hour, is .6 to 2.0 in the upper part, .06 to .6 in the middle part, and .2 to 2.0 in the lower part. Depth to seasonal high saturation is as high as 1.5 feet in during spring
in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: About 75 percent of these soils are cropped in the southern part of their range, and about 50 percent in the northern part. Common crops in the southern part are corn, legume hay, oats, and soybeans, and in the northern part area legume hay and oats are the common crops. The native vegetation is ash, aspen, basswood, elm, and oak. Some places had a few white pines.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central and northern Minnesota. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Isanti County, 1956.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized are: ochric epipedon - from surface to 6 inch (A and E horizons); albic horizon - from 1 to 6 inches (E horizon); argillic horizon - from 6 to 35 inches (B/E, Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons); oxyaquic subgroup based on low chroma mottles and saturation at some time in the upper 40 inches; vertic subgroup based on more than 6 cm of COLE in the upper 40 inches; B/E does not qualify for a glossic horizon because E part is less than 15 percent of horizon. Base saturation greater than 60 percent in all parts of argillic horizons. 2/10/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
ADDITIONAL DATA: See Minn. Ag. Exp. Stat. CFC No 2457 for information from representative pedon.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.