LOCATION DANBURY IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Oxyaquic Udifluvents
TYPICAL PEDON: Danbury silt loam, on 1 percent slope, on a floodplain, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 404 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; about 95 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and about 5 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many very fine pores; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (14 to 24 centimeters thick)
C1--18 to 38 centimeters; about 90 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and about 10 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; few very fine roots; many very fine pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
C2--38 to 64 centimeters; about 95 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and about 5 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
C3--64 to 81 centimeters; about 95 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and about 5 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the C horizon is 27 to 87 centimeters.)
Ab1--81 to 109 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Ab2--109 to 135 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common fine distinct brown (10YR 4/3) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Ab3--135 to 163 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common fine distinct brown (10YR 4/3) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Ab horizon is 50 to 100 centimeters.)
Bgb1--163 to 180 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam; weak very fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common fine distinct brown (10YR 4/3) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bgb2--180 to 203 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam; moderate very fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common fine distinct brown (10YR 4/3) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 107B-Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills, Woodbury County, Iowa subset; about 3 miles southwest of Cushing; located about 1,700 feet north and 500 feet west of the southeast corner of section 23, T. 88 N., R. 42 W.; USGS Cushing topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 25 minutes 8 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 41 minutes 26 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--greater than 130 centimeters
Depth to buried horizons--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to redoximorphic concentrations--60 to 100 centimeters
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 30 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 10 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.25 g/cc to 1.35 g/cc
C horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.25 g/cc to 1.35 g/cc
Ab horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--24 to 40 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
Moist bulk density--1.35 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
Bgb or Bwb horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--25 to 38 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.35 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--alluvium
Landform--flood plains and upland drainageways
Slope--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--185 to 475 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 1,040 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 220 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Colo,
Judson,
Kennebec, and
Smithland soils.
Colo--are at lower landscape positions on flood plains and are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest periods of normal years
Judson--are at higher landscape positions on base slopes adjacent to uplands and have a mollic epipedon 81 to 132 centimeters thick
Kennebec--are in landscape positions similar to those of Danbury soils, have a mollic epipedon more than 90 centimeters thick, and have a matrix chroma of 2 in the lower part of the series control section
Smithland--are in landscape positions similar to those of Danbury soils and do not have a buried horizon
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 0.6 meter during the wettest periods of normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--moderately high in the overlying sediment and moderately low in the buried sediments
Surface runoff potential--low
Flooding--rarely or occasionally flooded for very brief or brief duration
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. A few areas are in permanent pasture. The native vegetation is big bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRA--Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107B)
LRR M; western Iowa and possibly Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Woodbury County, Iowa, 2003
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (C1, C2, C3, and Ab1 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 203 centimeters (Ap, C1, C2, C3, Ab1, Ab2, Ab3, Bb1, and Bb2 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 18 centimeters (Ap horizon);
buried layers with 3 to 4 percent organic matter--the zone from a depth of 81 to 203 centimeters (Ab1, Ab2, Ab3, Bgb1, and Bgb2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Oxyaquic subgroup based on a zone of saturation within 100 centimeters for 20 or more consecutive days or 30 or more cumulative days in normal years.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab sample S97IA-047-011, National Soil Survey Laboratory.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
This soil was formerly included in areas of McPaul soils.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa pedon 00IA193020A
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-user pedon ID numbers S97IA-047-011, S98IA-047-005L, and S98IA-193-005.