LOCATION DEERLICK WA

Established Series
Rev. TMR/CAB/MPR
06/2011

DEERLICK SERIES

The Deerlick series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in mixed volcanic ash and alluvium overlying alluvium and glacial till. Deerlick soils are found on slopes of 0 to 10 percent on floodplains, terraces, and alluvial fans of glaciated mountain landscapes. The mean annual precipitation is about 2,200 millimeters and the mean annual air temperature is about 7 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, amorphic over isotic, frigid Aquic Udivitrands

TYPICAL PEDON: Deerlick ashy silt loam, located on a forested south facing alluvial fan with a slope of 4 percent and an elevation of 280 meters. When described on September 9, 2008 the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted)

Oi--0 to 3 cm; slightly decomposed plant material; clear wavy boundary.

Oe--3 to 10 cm; moderately decomposed plant material; common very fine to medium roots; extremely acid (pH 4.0); clear wavy boundary.

A--10 to 14 cm; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) ashy silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine to fine, common medium to very coarse roots; common fine to medium irregular pores; 5 percent fine gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.4); abrupt wavy boundary.

Bw--14 to 22 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) ashy sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine to fine, common medium to very coarse roots; common fine to medium irregular pores; 10 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.5); abrupt wavy boundary.

C1--22 to 30 cm; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) gravelly ashy coarse sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; single grain; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine to coarse roots; common medium interstitial pores; 10 percent fine gravel, 10 percent medium to coarse gravel, and 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear smooth boundary.

C2--30 to 50 cm; gray (2.5Y 5/1) very gravelly ashy coarse sand, gray (2.5Y 6/1) dry; single grain; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine to fine, few medium to coarse roots; common medium interstitial pores; 10 percent fine gravel, 15 percent medium to coarse gravel, and 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bg--50 to 64 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) very fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few very fine to medium roots; common fine to medium irregular pores; 10 percent medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) irregular iron-manganese masses in matrix, 15 percent medium distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) irregular iron depletions; slightly acid (pH 6.2); abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg--64 to 80 cm; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) very fine sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few very fine to fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; 15 percent medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) irregular iron-manganese masses in matrix, 20 percent medium distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) irregular iron depletions; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary.

3C--80 to 152 cm; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) extremely cobbly sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; single grain; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; common medium interstitial pores; 20 percent fine gravel, 20 percent medium to coarse gravel, and 40 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Whatcom County, Washington; approximately 28 km north of the town of Marblemount, along Sulphide Creek, North Cascades National Park Service Complex; 170 meters east and 640 meters north of the southwest corner of Section 17, T. 38 N., R. 10 E. Willamette Meridian; Mount Shuksan, Washington USGS quadrangle; 48 degrees, 46 minutes, 45 seconds north latitude and 120 degrees, 32 minutes, 15 seconds west longitude, NAD83; UTM zone 10N 607435 meters E, 5403950 meters N.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 6 to 8 degrees C
Moisture control section - dry less than 45 consecutive days
Particle size control section:
The particle-size control section in this soil is contrasting. Most characteristics are listed by horizon
Clay content - 0 to 5 percent throughout both portions
Thickness of volcanic ash mantle (ashy textural modifiers) - 35 to 80 centimeters
Volcanic glass within ash mantle - 15 to 50 percent

A horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 7.5YR
Value - 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma - 1 to 2 moist or dry
Fine earth texture - ashy SIL, ashy SL or ashy FSL
Rock fragments - 0 to 15 percent total, 0 to 15 percent gravel, 0 to 15 percent cobbles
Reaction - moderately acid to strongly acid
Thickness - 4 to 15 centimeters

Bw horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 7.5YR
Value - 3 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma - 2 to 4 moist or dry
Fine earth texture - ashy SL, ashy FSL, or ashy L
Rock fragments - 0 to 30 percent total, 0 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 15 percent cobbles
Reaction - moderately acid to strongly acid
Thickness - 8 to 36 centimeters

C horizons:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma - 1 to 2 moist or dry
Fine earth texture - ashy COS, ashy S or ashy LCOS
Rock fragments - 10 to 35 percent total, 10 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 15 percent cobbles
Reaction - moderately acid to strongly acid
Thickness - 8 to 30 centimeters (combined thickness, may be one C horizon only)

2Bg horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma - 1 to 2 moist or dry
Fine earth texture - VFSL, FSL or LS
Rock fragments - 0 to 30 percent total, 0 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Reaction - slightly acid to moderately acid
Thickness - 10 to 20 centimeters

2Cg horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma - 1 to 2 moist or dry
Fine earth texture - VFS, LS or LVFS
Rock fragments - 0 to 50 percent total, 0 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobbles
Reaction - slightly acid to moderately acid
Thickness - 10 to 20 centimeters

3C horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma - 1 to 2 moist or dry
Fine earth texture - S, LS or SL
Rock fragments - 40 to 80 percent total, 25 to 50 percent gravel, 15 to 50 percent cobbles, 0 to 10 percent stones
Reaction - slightly acid to moderately acid

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series in this family

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Deerlick soils are developed in mixed volcanic ash and alluvium overlying alluvium and glacial till on slopes of 0 to 10 percent on floodplains, terraces, and alluvial fans of glaciated mountain landscapes at elevations from 200 to 800 meters. The climate is characterized by cool, dry summers and cold, wet winters. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 1,700 to 2,500 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 5 to 7 degrees C. Frost-free season is 60 to 90 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Manlywham, Nohokomeen, Roland, and Skymo soils. Manlywham soils can have redoximorphic features from endosaturation at the surface (poorly drained). Nohokomeen and Roland soils have redoximorphic features from endosaturation below 25 cm (somewhat poorly drained). Nohokomeen, Roland, and Skymo soils do not have contrasting particle size control sections.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained; high to very high saturated hydraulic conductivity. Deerlick soils have a water table from endosaturation with an upper limit of 50 cm from November through May, ranging to below 150 cm from June through October.

USE AND VEGETATION: Deerlick soils support wildlife habitat, recreation, and watershed drainage. Native vegetation includes Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western redcedar, black cottonwood, paper birch, vine maple, red huckleberry, false huckleberry, dull Oregon grape, bunchberry, twinflower, and queen's cup.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North Cascade Mountains, Washington. MLRA 3. Series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Whatcom County, Washington, 2011.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
Frigid soil temperature regime
Udic soil moisture regime
Particle-size control section - 10 to 110 cm (0 to 100 cm from the mineral surface)
Ochric epipedon
Cambic horizon - 14 to 22 cm (Bw horizon)
Andic soil properties - 10 to 80 cm (A, Bw, C1, and C2 horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity - 50 cm
Redox Concentrations - 50 to 80 centimeters (2Bg and 2Cg horizons)
Redox Depletions with a Chroma of 2 or less - 50 to 80 centimeters (2Bg and 2Cg horizons)

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available for this series. National Soil Survey Laboratory Pedon number 08N0319 (NSSL user pedon ID S08WA073002).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.