LOCATION DENHAWKEN TX

Established Series
Rev. WJG-ACT-JAG
02/2018

DENHAWKEN SERIES

The Denhawken series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in clayey material weathered from shale. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on hillslopes on inland dissected coastal plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 885 mm (35 in) and the mean annual air temperature is about 22 degrees C (72 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Vertic Haplustepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Denhawken clay loam, on a south-facing slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 138 m (455 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in) grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 25 cm [4 to 10 in] thick)

Bw--15 to 36 cm (6 to 14 in); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; few fine calcium carbonate concretions; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 41 cm [0 to 16 in] thick)

Bk1--36 to 64 cm (14 to 25 in); brown (10YR 5/3) clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure, with few wedge-shaped aggregates; very hard, very firm; few dark streaks from root channels and cracks filled with darker materials from above; evident pressure faces; common roots; 3 percent fine calcium carbonate concretions; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2--64 to 117 cm (25 to 46 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium and fine angular blocky structure, with few wedge-shaped aggregates; very hard, very firm; with dark streaks in abandoned root channels and cracks filled with darker materials from above; evident pressure faces; few roots; 10 percent masses and concretions of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of Bk horizons is 76 to 152 cm [30 to 60 in])

BCk--117 to 173 cm (46 to 68 in); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine and medium angular blocky structure with few wedge-shaped aggregates; very hard, very firm; few dark streaks of darker materials from above; 15 percent masses and concretions of calcium carbonate; few fine gypsum crystals; few medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of oxidized iron; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (31 to 76 cm [12 to 30 in] thick)

Cky--173 to 191 cm (68 to 75 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) weakly consolidated shale of clay texture, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; common coarse prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; massive; very hard, very firm; 10 percent lenses and fragments of gypsum (selenite crystals); few fine calcium carbonate concretions; common coarse distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)masses of oxidized iron; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Wilson County, Texas; from the intersection of Texas Highway 181 and Farm Road 541 in Poth, 0.8 mile north on Texas Highway 181, 3 miles east on Farm Road 427 to county road, 0.6 mile north on county road, and 0.12 mile west in a micro-depression in a cultivated field, Poth USGS quad, Latitude: 29 degrees, 6 minutes, 47.85 seconds N; Longitude: 98 degrees, 3 minutes, 59. 48 seconds W, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 in). When dry, these soils have cracks up to 5 cm (2 in) wide at the surface and extending to depths of more than 127 cm (50 in). Wedge-shaped aggregates and/or slickensides range from few to common. Linear extensibility exceeds 6.0 cm within 100 cm (40 in) of the surface. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout.

Soil Moisture: An ustic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section remains dry in some or all parts for 90 or more but less than 180 cumulative days in normal years. Precipitation falls mostly during the months of April through June and October through November. July through September and January through March are the driest months.

Mean annual soil temperature: 22 to 24 degrees C (72 To 75 degrees F).
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 30 to 137 cm (16 to 54 in).

A Horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Effervescence: very slight to strong

Bw Horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Effervescence: very slight to strong

Bk Horizons
Hue: 2.5Y, 5Y, or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: clay loam or clay
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 35 percent
Gypsum: 0 to 5 percent
Effervescence: slight to strong

BCk or BCky (where present) Horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay loam or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
Gypsum: 0 to 5 percent
Effervescence: very slight to strong

Cky Horizon (where present)
Variegated Matrix
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 8
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: clay loam or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Selenite crystals: 1 to 15 percent
Effervescence: very slight to strong

COMPETING SERIES: These include the Kincheloe (TX) series. Similar soils are the Chargo (TX), Mangum (TX), Throck (TX), Tilvern (TX), and Tussy (OK) series.
Kincheloe soils: have sola less than 102 cm (40 in) thick.
Chargo soils: are saline in the upper part and have strata of contrasting textures at depths of (102 to 203 cm (40 to 80 in).
Mangum, Throck, and Tilvern soils: have a thermic temperature regime, and mixed mineralogy.
Tussy soils: have a thermic temperature regime.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Calcareous clayey marine shale
Landform: microhighs in complex soils areas. In native areas where the slopes are less than one percent, this soil occurs as mounds 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 in) higher than the adjoining depressions. When the slopes are 1 to 5 percent, this soil occurs as ridges perpendicular to the slope
contours.
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 21 to 23 degrees C (70 to 73 degrees F).
Mean annual precipitation range: 652 to 918 mm (26 to 36 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Precipitation falls mostly during the months of April through June and October through November. July through September and January through March are the driest months.
Frost-free period: 270 to 290 days
Elevation: 46 to 229 m (150 to 750 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 40 to 50

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Clareville, Coy, Elmendorf, Laparita, Marcelinas, and Monteola series.
Clareville and Laparita soils: occur at lower elevations.
Coy, Denhawken, Marcelinas, and Monteola soils: occur on similar surfaces.
Elmendorf soils: have a mollic epipedon and usually occur on microlows in a complex with Denhawken soils.
Monteola soils: are clayey throughout and have intersecting slickensides.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: well drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is slow on 0 to 1 percent slopes, medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes, and high on 3 to 5 percent slopes.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for crop production and livestock grazing. Main crops are grain sorghum, cotton, corn, and small grains. Livestock grazing areas are mostly improved bermudagrass. Native vegetation consists of mainly mesquite, cacti, live oak, little bluestem, tricloris, sideoats grama, lovegrass, Arizona cottontop, and vine-mesquite. (Ecological site name: Blackland 25-35" Pz; Ecological site number: R083AY379TX)

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Rio Grande Plain, Blackland Prairie and Claypan Major Land Resource Areas of Texas; LRR I; MLRA 83; moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wilson County, Texas; 1972.

REMARKS: This series was formerly included with Clareville, Heiden, and Burleson series.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 25 to 102 cm (10 to 40 in). (BA, BK horizons)
Ochric epipedon 0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in). (Ap horizons)

Cambic horizon 15 to 117 cm (6 to 46 in). (BA and BK horizons)

Calcic horizon 117 to 173 cm (46 to 68 in). (BCk horizon)

Gypsic horizon 173 to 191 cm (68 to 75 in). (Cy horizon)

Vertic feature - has cracks 1.0 cm wide that extend below 51 cm (20 in), and few wedge-shaped aggregates.

Linear extensibility exceeds 6.0 cm. within 102 cm (40 in) of the surface.

ADDITIONAL DATA: National Soil Survey Laboratory data exists on pedon number 93P0595.

TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition, 2006.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.