LOCATION DENO                    WA

Established Series
Rev. EMM/SHB/SBC
06/2016

DENO SERIES

Landscape--channeled scablands
Landform--mounds on basalt plateaus
Slope--0 to 15 percent
Parent material--loess mixed with volcanic ash in upper part over basalt; minor amount of glaciofluvial deposits in lower part of some pedons
Mean annual precipitation--about 430 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 9 degrees C
Depth class--deep
Drainage--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Deno ashy silt loam in an area of rangeland, on a 2-percent, northeast-facing, convex slope at an elevation of 740 m (When described on November 24, 1999, the soil was moist to a depth of 70 cm and dry below. All textures are apparent field textures.)

A1--0 to 10 cm; ashy silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate coarse granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and few fine roots; common very fine tubular and irregular pores; 1 percent subrounded fine basalt gravel and 1 percent subrounded fine quartzite gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary

A2--10 to 36 cm; ashy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 2 percent subrounded fine basalt gravel and 3 percent subangular basalt gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary

A3--36 to 71 cm; ashy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 1 percent subrounded fine basalt gravel and 2 percent subangular basalt gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); very slightly effervescent; finely disseminated carbonates; abrupt smooth boundary

Bw1--71 to 102 cm; loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; few very fine irregular pores and common very fine and few fine tubular pores; 2 percent subrounded fine basalt gravel and 1 percent subangular basalt gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); very slightly effervescent; finely disseminated carbonates; clear smooth boundary

Bw2--102 to 122 cm; coarse sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few medium roots; few very fine irregular pores and common very fine and few fine tubular pores; 1 percent subangular basalt gravel and 3 percent subrounded fine basalt gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); very slightly effervescent; finely disseminated carbonates; abrupt wavy boundary

2R--122 cm; basalt; fractured at intervals of 10 to 45 cm

TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington, about 3 km west-southwest of Airway Heights; about 700 m south and 275 m east of the northwest corner of section 27, T. 25 N., R. 41 E., Willamette Meridian; Airway Heights, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangle; latitude 46.7792100, longitude -117.1187000, datum WGS 84 (coordinates measured with GPS)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to diagnostic horizons and other features measured from top of first mineral layer.

Mean annual soil temperature--9 to 11 degrees C
Moisture control section--dry 75 to 90 days after summer solstice (July through September); moist in October through June
Depth to basalt--100 to 150 cm
Thickness of mollic epipedon--50 to 75 cm
Content of clay in particle-size control section--4 to 18 percent
Content of gravel in particle-size control section--0 to 20 percent
Thickness of volcanic ash influence--50 to 75 cm

Estimated properties of layers influenced by volcanic ash
*Content of volcanic glass in 0.02- to 2-mm fraction--5 to 20 percent
*Acid oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--0.4 to 1.0 percent
*Moist bulk density--1.15 to 1.35 g/cm3
*15-bar water retention--5 to 10 percent (air-dried samples)

A horizon
*Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
*Value--4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
*Chroma--1 to 3 dry or moist
*Texture--ashy silt loam, ashy loam
*Content of clay--10 to 18 percent
*Content of gravel--0 to 20 percent
*Reaction--6.1 to 8.4
*Combined thickness--50 to 75 cm

Bw horizon
*Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
*Value--5 or 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist
*Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
*Texture--silt loam, loam, coarse sandy loam
*Content of clay--4 to 18 percent
*Content of gravel--0 to 20 percent
*Reaction--7.4 to 8.4
*Combined thickness--40 to 65 cm

A BA horizon is in some pedons.

A relatively thin 2BC or 2C horizon composed of sand and gravel from the Missoula Glacial Floods may be in some pedons. The horizon is directly over the basalt.

COMPETING SERIES:
Cabincreek--20 to 40 percent volcanic glass in upper 45 to 80 cm; metavolcanic angular rock fragments
Conconully, Stevens--moderately deep to Cd horizon that consists of dense glacial till
Doublecreek, Phoebe, Uhlig-more than 150 cm to lithic contact
Fanal--moderately well drained; redoximorphic concentrations in lower part of control section
Safety--paralithic contact at a depth of 50 to 100 cm

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--550 to 790 m
Climate--warm, relatively dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--380 to 460 mm
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 10 degrees C
Frost-free period--110 to 140 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Alecanyon--sandy-skeletal; on outwash plains
Cheney--coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal; on outwash plains
Northstar--loamy-skeletal; moderately deep to basalt; on basalt plateaus
Rockly--shallow to bedrock; on outwash plains and basalt plateaus
Stutler--loamy skeletal; on outwash plains and basalt plateaus

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--dominantly homesite development, crop production, and livestock grazing; some wildlife habitat and watershed
Common crops--small grain, hay, pasture
Potential natural vegetation--basin wildrye, common snowberry, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, Wyeth eriogonum, common yarrow, lupine, rose, threadleaf sedge

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Washington; MLRA 9; small extent

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, Washington; 2012

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from surface to a depth of 71 cm; meets criteria for pachic
*Cambic horizon--zone from 71 to 122 cm
*Vitrandic feature--zone from surface to a depth of 71 cm
*Depth to lithic contact--122 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm

The Ritter series appears to be very similar to this series. It should be investigated further to determine vitrandic features.

6/2016--This official series description was updated as part of the final correlation of the Spokane County, Washington, soil survey. The formatting was updated according to SSR1 Technical Note 11--Content and Format of Official Series Descriptions (revised 12/2015).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.