LOCATION DENOMIE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Denomie silt loam; on a convex, south-facing, 3 percent slope, in an area of mixed conifer and northern hardwoods, at an elevation of about 830 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) silt loam, reddish gray (5YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
E--4 to 7 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) silt loam, pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 3 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
B/E--7 to 13 inches; 70 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of reddish gray (5YR 5/2) silty clay loam (E), pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and few medium roots between peds; about 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 2 to 20 inches thick)
Bt1--13 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine and medium roots between peds; many faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--28 to 39 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots between peds; many faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 1 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 13 to 36 inches.)
Btk1--39 to 58 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots between peds; few faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine irregular faint light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) soft masses of calcium carbonate; common very fine and fine irregular prominent black (N 2/0) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides; few thin (< 1/2 inch) distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) discontinuous disoriented lenses of silt loam; strongly effervescent (3 percent calcium carbonate); about 1 percent gravel; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btk2--58 to 80 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots between peds; few faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine irregular faint light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) soft masses of calcium carbonate; few very fine and fine irregular prominent black (N 2/0) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides; strongly effervescent (5 percent calcium carbonate); about 1 percent gravel; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btk horizon ranges from 14 to 50 inches.)
TYPE LOCATION: Ashland County, Wisconsin; about 1/2 mile north and 1/2 mile west of Birch; 350 feet north and 1800 feet east of the southwest corner of section 14, T. 47 N., R. 2 W.; USGS Cedar, WI topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 32 minutes 50 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 35 minutes 10 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 40 to more than 60 inches. Depth to free carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The weighted average clay content of the particle-size control section ranges from 22 to 35 percent and the weighted average content of fine sand or coarser is less than 15 percent. Mean annual soil temperature ranges from 38 to 45 degrees F. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 2 percent throughout. Some pedons do not have subhorizons with remnant discontinuous disoriented varves or mudflow lenses.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 1 to 3. Cultivated pedons have an Ap horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 2 or 3. Reaction naturally ranges from very strongly to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 and 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid.
Denomie soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizon or both). The E/B horizon, where present, ranges up to 4 inches thick. The E part has color like the E horizon described above. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. The Bt part has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR and value of 3 or 4. It is typically silty clay loam or clay loam but in some pedons it is silt loam. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR and value of 3 or 4. It is typically silty clay loam or clay loam but in some pedons it is silt loam. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Btk horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR and value of 4 or 5. It is typically silty clay loam or clay loam but in some pedons it is silt loam. Reaction ranges from slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline.
Some pedons have a BC horizon with color, texture, and reaction like the Btk horizon described above.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Campia, Dobie, Doritty, Otterholt, and Wickware series. Closely related soils are the Odanah(T) and Watton series. None of these soils except, Odanah and Watton, have free carbonates within the series control section. In addition, Campia soils are stratified in the lower part of the series control section. Dobie soils have a paralithic contact with sandstone at 20 to 40 inches. Doritty soils have redox features and saturation below 40 inches. Otterholt soils have more than 45 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Odanah soils are in the fine family. Watton soils are fine-loamy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Denomie soils are on knolls and side slopes on till plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 60 percent. These soils formed in silty and loamy till derived from silty and loamy lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 43 degrees F. The frost-free period ranges about from 90 to 120 days. Elevation ranges from 600 to 1200 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bohemian, Brimley, Bruce, Gichigami, and Oronto soils. The well drained Bohemian soils, the somewhat poorly drained Brimley soils, and the poorly drained Bruce soils form a drainage sequence on nearby areas where the soil is formed in stratified lacustrine deposits. The moderately well drained Gichigami soils and the somewhat poorly drained Oronto soils form a drainage sequence with Denomie soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff ranges from low to very rapid. Permeability is moderately slow or moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland. Some areas are used for cropland and pastureland. Oats, bromegrass, timothy, and alfalfa are the principle crops. Many areas which were formally cropland are now idle and are reverting to natural vegetation. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Common trees are red maple, sugar maple, yellow birch, American basswood, balsam fir, white spruce, red pine, white pine, quaking aspen, paper birch, and red oak. Common understory species are American hazel, black snakeroot, big leaf aster, wild sarsaparilla, and bracken fern.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin along Lake Superior (MLRA K92). This series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-4 (Duluth, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Iron County, Wisconsin, 2006. Source of the name is Denomie Creek in northeastern Ashland County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include: ochric epipedon - 0 to 7 inches (A, E); albic horizon - 4 to 7 inches (E); glossic horizon - 7 to 13 inches (B/E); argillic horizon - 7 to 80 inches (B/E, Bt1, Bt2, Btk1, Btk2).
Only series status, responsibility, and scrivener's errors changed - 3/09.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0572. Refer to soil survey sample number S90WI-003-007 for NSSL data on the typical pedon. Refer to soil survey sample number S90WI-051-001 for NSSL data on another Denomie pedon.