LOCATION DICKMAN MN+IA WI
Established Series
Rev. KDS-TCJ-AGG
01/2011
DICKMAN SERIES
The Dickman series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in glacial outwash or eolian materials consisting of a loamy mantle and underlying sandy sediments. These soils are on outwash plains, valley trains, stream terraces and deltas. Slopes range from 0 to 18 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Dickman sandy loam with a convex slope of 1 percent on a glacial outwash plain in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--10 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 10 to 20 inches)
Bw1--12 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 12 inches thick)
Bw2--16 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) on faces of peds; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 3 to 12 inches)
2Bw--19 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of 2Bw horizons is 0 to 20 inches)
2C1--33 to 68 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) coarse sand; single grain; loose; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
2C2--68 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Redwood County, Minnesota; about 1.5 miles north of Redwood Falls; 2240 feet west and 2500 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 25, T. 113 N., R. 36 W.; USGS Redwood Falls quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 33 minutes 49 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 07 minutes 31
seconds W., NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates is 30 inches or more. The loamy mantle is 12 to 20 inches thick. Gravel of mixed lithology range from 0 to 10 percent by volume in the loamy mantle and 0 to 15 percent in the sandy substratum. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 20 inches thick.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is coarse sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam. It is slightly acid or moderately acid.
AB horizon is present in some pedons. Colors and textures are similar to those of the A and Bw horizons.
The Bw horizon has a hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is coarse sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam.
The 2Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, coarse sand, or sand. It is moderately acid to neutral.
2BC horizon is present in some pedons. Colors and textures are similar to those of the 2Bw and 2C horizons.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 4. It is coarse sand, sand, or fine sand or strata of these textures. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Buckney,
Burkhardt,
Estherville, and
Mishawaka soils. The Buckney soils have free carbonates above a depth of 24 inches. Burkhardt soils average over 15 percent rock fragments in the lower half of the series control section. Estherville soils have free carbonates above a depth of 30 inches. Mishawaka soils are moderately acid or strongly acid in the C horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or convex slopes with gradient of 0 to 18 percent on outwash plains, deltas, stream terraces and valley trains. They formed in a coarse-loamy mantle and underlying sandy substratum. The sediments are glaciofluvial or eolian in origin. Mean air annual temperature is about 45 to 50 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 24 to 32 inches. Frost free days range from 110 to 172. Elevations above sea level range from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Sparta,
Lemond,
Minneopa and
Hanska soils. The excessively drained Sparta soils are on higher lying or more sloping terrain. The moderately well drained Minneopa soils are lower lying. The poorly drained Lemond and Hanska soils are on nearby lower lying terrain.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, measured in inches per hour, is 2 to 6 in the mantle and 6 to 20 in the substratum. Surface runoff negligible to medium.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn, soybeans, small grains, and forage crops. The native vegetation is prairie grass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hennepin County, Minnesota, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 12 inches (Ap and A horizons); Cambic horizon - the zone from 12 inches to 19 inches (Bw horizon).
A moderately wet phase presently exists that would likely be correlated to an oxyaquic subgroup.
The Dickman series established in Hennepin County has an argillic horizon. It did not fit the concept of Dickman; however, so the official type location of Dickman series was moved to a better location to fit the concept in MLRA-103. 1/19/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 760 for results of some laboratory analysis of similar pedon.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.