LOCATION DIVOT                   TX

Established Series
Rev. GWD-JWS-JBA
11/2013

DIVOT SERIES

The Divot series consists of well drained, very deep, slowly and moderately slowly permeable soils that formed in calcareous clayey or loamy alluvium. These nearly level soils occur on flood plains and flood plain steps. Slope is mostly less than 1 percent, but ranges up to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 21.1 degrees C (70 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 660 mm (26 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Pachic Vertic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Divot clay loam--on a 0.5 percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of 232 m (760 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A1--0 to 41 cm (0 to 16 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky and medium granular structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; few fine and very fine calcium carbonate concretions; few snail shells; calcareous; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Thickness is 13 to 51 cm (5 to 20 in)

A2--41 to 86 cm (16 to 34 in); brown (10YR 4/3) clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few roots; few films and threads of calcium carbonate visible when dry; few fine limestone fragments; calcareous; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Combined thickness of the A horizons is 38 to 112 cm (15 to 44 in)

Bk1--86 to 165 cm (34 to 65 in); brown (10YR 5/3) clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm but crumbly; few fine pores and old root channels; common visible threads and few soft masses of calcium carbonate; few fine limestone fragments; calcareous; moderately alkaline; diffuse smooth boundary. Thickness is 25 to 102 cm (10 to 40 in)

Bk2--165 to 239 cm (65 to 94 in); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few visible threads and soft masses of calcium carbonate; calcareous; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Medina County, Texas; 6.3 miles south on Farm Road 462 from its junction with U.S. Highway 90 in Hondo, Texas; 0.8 miles east on county road and 100 feet south in native rangeland. USGS topographic quadrangle: Murphy School, Texas; Latitude: 29 degrees, 15 minutes, 15.84 seconds N; Longitude: 99 degrees, 7 minutes, 12.36 seconds W; Datum: WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: A Typic Ustic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for 90 or more cumulative days in normal years.
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 51 to 127 cm (20 to 50 in)
Vertic Features: 41 to 203 cm (16 to 80 in); COLE ranges from 0.07 to 0.12
Cracks: 0.4 to 1 inch wide at the surface, when dry, extend to depths of 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 in) or more.
Rock Fragments: 0 to 15 percent; gravel and cobbles of rounded limestone and chert. Some pedons have strata below 40 inches that contain 20 to 40 percent gravel and cobbles of limestone, chert, and indurated caliche.
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay Content: 35 to 55 percent
Sand Content: 5 to 30 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 40 percent

A Horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5; moist values are 1 or 2 units lower
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: Clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Clay content: 32 to 55 percent
Rock Fragments: 0 to 3 percent
Identifiable secondary carbonate: few; fine and very fine; concretions, films and threads
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 5 to 25 percent
Effervescence: slight to strong
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline

Bk1 Horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 5
Texture: Clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Rock Fragments: 0 to 15 percent
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 1 to 10 percent; threads and masses; with 5 percent or more at depths greater than 40 inches
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 5 to 40 percent
Effervescence: slight to strong
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline

Bk2 Horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: Clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Rock Fragments: 0 to 15 percent; Some pedons have strata below 40 inches that contain 20 to 40 percent gravel and cobbles of limestone, chert, and indurated caliche.
Identifiable secondary carbonate: few films and threads
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 5 to 40 percent
Effervescence: slight to strong
Reaction: Slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These include the Eloso series in the same family. Similar soils are the Frio, Krum, Laredo, Nukrum, and Rioconcho series.
Eloso soils: are less than 102 cm (40 in) deep to siltstone and occur in clayey alluvial sediments over the Catahoula siltstone.
Frio, Krum, Nukrum, and Rioconcho soils: have mean annual soil temperatures less than 72 degrees F. In addition, Nukrum and Rioconcho soils have mixed mineralogy.
Laredo soils have mixed mineralogy and have a COLE of less than 0.07.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Calcareous clayey or loamy alluvium
Landscape: River valleys
Landform: Flood plain steps
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Mean annual precipitation range: 559 to 762 mm (22 to 30 in)
Precipitation pattern: July and August are the driest months while April through June and September through October are the wettest months.
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 31 to 42
Mean annual air temperature range: 20.0 to 22.2 degrees C (68 to 72 degrees F)
Frost Free Period: 240 to 290 days
Elevation: 76.2 to 274.3 m (250 to 900 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Atco, Castroville, Hanis, and Sabenyo series.
Atco soils: do not have mollic epipedons, have coarse-loamy particle-size control sections with carbonatic mineralogy, and occur on higher uplands.
Castroville soils: have fine-silty particle-size control sections with mixed mineralogy, have a calcic horizon, and occur on higher uplands or terraces.
Hanis soils: are redder and occur on higher positions in the landscape
Sabenyo soils: do not have a mollic epipedon and have carbonatic mineralogy

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; Runoff is medium or low; Slow and moderately slow permeability. Flooding occurs for periods of less than 24 hours at intervals ranging from 1 or more times a year to once in 20 years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for cropland and rangeland. Cropland is used mainly for crops such as grain sorghum, small grain, and introduced grasses under both dryland and irrigated operations. Some corn, cotton, and truck crops are also grown under irrigation. The native vegetation consists of about 15 percent trees and other woody plants such as elm, hackberry, pecan, liveoak and a few large mesquite trees with an understory of predominantly mid grasses. With retrogression, woody shrubs and short grasses increase or invade. Typical increasers and invaders are curlymesquite, Hall's panicum, threeawn, whitebrush, Texas persimmon, condalias, spiny hackberry, and annual forbs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Rio Grande Plain (MLRA 83A) and the Western Rio Grande Plain (MLRA 83B) of Texas. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Medina County, Texas; 1972.

REMARKS: These soils were formerly included in the Frio series.

Edited 11/2013 (RFG-JBA): Updated classification to new version of taxonomy, updated competing and associated soils sections, and changed to tabular format

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Mollic epipedon - 0 to 86 cm (0 to 34 in).
Cambic horizon -- 86 to 239 cm (34 to 94 in).
Vertic feature - cracks 0.4 to 1 inch wide at the surface, when dry, extend to depths of 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 in) or more and has LEP greater than 6. Some pedons also have pressure faces on peds.

Taxonomic version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.