LOCATION DUVALL CREEK            MD+NJ

Established Series
CEP/DCS
10/2022

DUVALL CREEK SERIES

MLRA(s): 149A
Soil Survey Regional Office (SSRO) Responsible: Raleigh, North Carolina
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class: Subaqueous (permanently submersed / continuously inundated)
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: High to very high
Parent Material: Sandy, mixed Estuarine Deposits
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 55 degrees F. (13 degrees C)
Mean Annual Water Temperature: 53 degrees F. (12 degrees C)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Sulfic Psammowassents

TYPICAL PEDON: Duvall Creek fine sand on a southeast facing wave-built terrace landform with less than 3 percent slope under 2.5 meters of estuarine water. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise noted).

Aseg1--0 to 13 cm; black (N 2.5/) fine sand; single grain, loose; nonfluid; moderately alkaline (pH 8.33), extremely acid (pH 3.59) after 16 weeks; color reaction with 3% hydrogen peroxide, slightly effervescent with 30% hydrogen peroxide; clear boundary.

Aseg2--13 to 32 cm; dark greenish gray (10Y 3/1) loamy fine sand; single grain, loose; nonfluid; 5% distinct brown (10YR 4/3) iron oxide concentrations; 2% shell fragments by volume; neutral (pH 6.58), ultra acid (pH 2.87) after 16 weeks; no color reaction with 3% hydrogen peroxide, slightly effervescent with 30% hydrogen peroxide; clear boundary.

Cseg1--32 to 59 cm; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) sand; single grain, loose; nonfluid; strongly acid (pH 5.16), ultra acid (pH 2.49) after 16 weeks; no color reaction with 3% hydrogen peroxide, slightly effervescent with 30% hydrogen peroxide; clear boundary.

Cseg2--59 to 122 cm; dark greenish gray (10Y 3/1) fine sand; single grain, loose; nonfluid; strongly acid (pH 5.52), ultra acid (pH 2.53) after 16 weeks; no color reaction with 3% hydrogen peroxide, slightly effervescent with 30% hydrogen peroxide; gradual boundary.

Cseg3--122 to 183 cm; dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) sand; single grain, loose; nonfluid; neutral (pH 7.23); no color reaction with 3% hydrogen peroxide, slightly effervescent with 30% hydrogen peroxide.

TYPE LOCATION: Anne Arundel County, Maryland; South River, near the mouth of Beard's Creek, approximately 1,200 feet east of Addison Point, 1,100 feet northwest of Boyd Point, 1,530 feet southeast of the road intersections of Riva Road and Cape St. John Road; USGS South River topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees, 57 minutes, 25.47 seconds N; longitude 76 degrees, 34 minutes, 11.43 seconds W, WGS 1984; Major Land Resource Area 149A.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 200 centimeters
Depth to seasonal high water table: Permanently submersed
Depth to hyper-sulfidic materials (incubated pH 4.0): 0 to 50 centimeters
Manner of Failure / Fluidity Class: nonfluid throughout the upper 100 centimeters, nonfluid to slightly fluid below 100 centimeters
Shell Fragments: 0 to 10 percent, by volume, throughout; 10 to 70 percent in buried Asegb or ACsegb horizons if present
Soil reaction: Moderately alkaline to strongly acid throughout; oxidized reaction: ultra acid to neutral throughout
Electrical Conductivity: greater than 2.2 dS / m-1 by 1:5 by volume solution mixture
This soil can include a buried shell layer (up to 35% shell fragments by volume within 100 centimeters, greater than 35% shell fragments below 100 centimeters).
This soil contains 8-12% glauconite (pellets and clay-sized) in the fine-earth fraction.

RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ag, Ase, Aseg horizons:
Color - hue N, 2.5Y, 5Y, 10Y or 5GY; value of 2.5 to 5; and chroma of 0, 1, or 2
Texture - sand, fine sand, shelly sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand
Consistence - nonfluid

ACg or ACgb horizon (if present):
Color - hue of 10Y, 5GY; value of 2.5 to 4; chroma of 1
Texture - sand, very shelly sand, very shelly loamy sand
Consistence - nonfluid

Cseg or Cg horizon:
Color - hue of N, 5GY, 10Y, 10GY; value of 2.5 to 4; and chroma of 0, 1, or 2
Texture - sand, fine sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam
Consistence - nonfluid and slightly fluid

COMPETING SERIES:
Nagunt soils - occur on wash over fan flats and slope landforms in sandy marine deposits and do not contain glauconite in the fine earth fraction.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Northern Coastal Plain Sub-estuaries and Estuaries
Landform: Wave-Built Terraces
Parent Material: Sandy mixed Estuarine Deposits
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 52 to 59 degrees F. (11 to 15 degrees C.)
Mean Annual Water Temperature: 50 to 60 degrees F. (10 to 16 degrees C.)
Water Depth Range: 0 to 8 feet (0 to 2.5 meters)
Water Regime: Tidal, 0 to 2 feet (0 to 0.6 meters) tidal range
Water Salinity Range: 3 to 25 ppt

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Broad Creek soils - occur on Estuarine Tidal Stream Channel landforms; composed of fine fluid estuarine deposits; and has a buried A horizon.
Hillsmere soils - occur on Estuarine Channel and Mainland Cove landforms; composed of fine fluid estuarine deposits.
Longpoint soils - occur on Submerged Tidal Marsh landforms; composed of sandy estuarine deposits and organic soil material overlying a lithologic discontinuity comprised of a relatively intact paleosol.
Overboard soils - occur on Estuarine Tidal Creek Platform landforms; composed of fine fluid estuarine deposits overlying a lithologic discontinuity comprised of Tertiary deposits.
South River soils - occur on Wave-Cut Platform landforms; have a lithologic discontinuity comprised of Tertiary material; has a glauconitic mineralogy and horizons with chroma 3 or more between 15 and 100 cm.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class: Subaqueous drainage
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: High to very high
Soil Moisture Regime: Peraquic
Soil is permanently submerged / continuously inundated with brackish water. The presence of hypersulfidic materials within 50 cm of the soil surface puts these soils at risk for potential acid sulfate soil formation if they are dredged and exposed to the air.

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Areas of this soil are used for recreational fishing, swimming, and boating. Commercial uses include shell fishing and aquaculture.
Dominant Vegetation: Benthic fauna such as clams, blue crabs, and oysters are associated with this soil. Eelgrass (Zostera marina), sea lettuce (Ulva sp.), and horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris) may occur on these soils.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain estuaries along the Atlantic Seaboard and sub-estuaries of the western portion of the Chesapeake Bay. MLRA 149A. This series is of small extent.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Anne Arundel County, Maryland, 2022.

REMARKS: This subaqueous series is named for Duvall Creek, a feature of the South River sub-estuary of Chesapeake Bay and areas of soil mapping were formerly included with water.

Diagnostic horizons and other diagnostic soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are (Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2012):
-Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 32 centimeters (Ase and Aseg horizons)
-Peraquic feature - the zone from 0 to 183 centimeters is permanently saturated
-Hyper-sulfidic materials - the zone from 0 to 183 centimeters incubated pH values less than 4.0 after 16 weeks.
-n Value less than 0.7 - the zone from 0 to 183 centimeters.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Park, C.E., University of Maryland, Master of Science, 2021; thesis; Subaqueous Soils of South River, Maryland: Soil-Landscape Model Evaluation

Data Map Unit ID: 883184
NASIS user site and pedon ID: 2021MD003046
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.