LOCATION EINAHNUHTO AK
Established Series
Rev. MJM/JPM
02/2022
EINAHNUHTO SERIES
The Einahnuhto series consists of moderately deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in basalt with an admixture, near the surface, of eolian material derived from volcanic pyroclastics. Einahnuhto soils are on dipslopes and wide valley bottoms. Permeability is moderately slow to moderate. Slopes range from 1 to 8 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 35 degrees F., and the average annual precipitation is about 24 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, isotic Vitrandic Haplocryepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Einahnuhto silty clay loam - under forbs and grass vegetation at an elevation of 245 feet (80 meters) (All colors are for moist soil)
Oe--0 to 3 inches (0 to 7 cm); dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) mucky peat; many fine roots; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear smooth boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
A--3 to 6 inches (7 to 14 cm); very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) silty clay loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; slightly-sticky and slightly-plastic; common fine and few medium roots; non-smeary; strongly acid (pH5.5); clear smooth boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
Bw--6 to 10 inches (14 to 25 cm); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; strong medium granular structure; friable; sticky and plastic; few fine roots; non-smeary; 5 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.6); gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
BC--10 to 20 inches (25 to 50 cm); brown (10YR 4/3) and (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sticky and plastic; few fine roots; non-smeary; common distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; 5 percent gravel; 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick)
C--20 to 41 inches (50 to 105 cm); brown (10YR 4/3) cobbly silt loam; massive structure; firm; sticky and plastic; non-smeary; 10 percent gravel; 10 percent cobble; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 inches thick)
R--41 inches (105 cm); brown (10YR 4/3) fractured basalt bedrock
TYPE LOCATION: Saint Paul Island Alaska; UTM Zone 2, 539125 E and 6335109 N.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the organic mat ranges from 1 to 3 inches. The weighted average particle size of the control section is silty clay loam with greater than 30 percent coarse silt or coarser. Thickness of the upper portion that meets Vitrandic subgroup criteria is 7 to 13 inches (18 to 34 cm). Reaction ranges from strongly acid in the upper part to neutral in the lower part of the profile.
The A horizon has value moist of 2.5, 3, or 4. Texture is silty clay loam or silt loam
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR; value moist of 3, 4, or 5; chroma moist from 3 to 6. Texture is silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or loam.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR; chroma moist of 3 or 4. Texture is silty clay loam or silt loam. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 5 percent, cobble content ranges from 0 to 15 percent.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y. Texture is silty clay loam, loam, or silt loam. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 10 percent, cobble content ranges from 10 to 20 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: none
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Einahnuhto soils developed in basalt flows forming dipslopes between low elevation beach terraces and plains and high elevation rocky uplands. Slopes range from 1 to 8 percent. The climate is cold maritime. Mean annual temperature is 35 degrees F. and mean annual precipitation ranges from 19 to 28 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are
Zolotoi series on wide valley bottoms,
Tsammana series on adjacent beach terraces and footslopes of dipslopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Slow to moderate runoff. Permeability is moderately slow to moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly in grass and forbs dominated by Nootka lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis), Bering hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa), and Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Saint Paul Island, Alaska. The series is of limited extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Saint Paul Island, Alaska, 2000.
REMARKS: Diagnostic layers and features recognized in this profile include an ochric epipedon and a cambic horizon. A base saturation of 60 percent or more in one horizon between 10 and 30 inches from the mineral surface. Base saturation tends to increase with depth. primarily due to eolian additions a layer or layers within 30 inches of the mineral surface that is between 7 and 15 inches thick and has a fine earth fraction containing 30 percent or more coarse silt to sand, at least 5 percent volcanic glass, and aluminum + 1/2 iron content extracted by ammonium oxalate times 60 plus the volcanic glass content equal to or greater than 30. More than 1/2 the thickness of the mineralogy control section has a NaF pH of 8.4 or more and a ratio of 1500 kPa water retention to clay content greater than 0.6. A lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches depth and a cryic temperature regime. The weighted average particle size in the control section is silty clay loam.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.