LOCATION EMPORIA VA+AL NC SCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Emporia loamy fine sand--on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine medium and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
E--6 to 15 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
Bt1--15 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; many sand grains bridged and coated with clay; few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; strongly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt2--32 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; weak very thick platy structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable, sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; very strongly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt3--44 to 57 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak very thick platy structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable, firm in place, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; many distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions in the matrix and red (2.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds;very strongly acid; diffuse smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 58 inches.)
C--57 to 70 inches; yellow (2.5Y 7/6), light gray (10YR 7/1), and reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; massive; friable, firm in place, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; light gray colors are in areas of iron depletion; yellow colors are in areas of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Greensville County, Virginia; 2.2 miles south of Skippers, about 2,500 feet west of the junction of U.S. 301 and VA-642 and 100 feet north of VA-642.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 72 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 36 to 54 inches, November to April
Rock Fragment content: Gravel size rock fragments ranges from 0 to 35 percent in the solum and 0 to 60 percent in the C horizon
Soil Reaction: very strongly acid through moderately acid, except where limed
Other Features: Some pedons have a lithologic discontinuity generally below 40 inches
Other Features: Exchangeable aluminum is less than 6 meq/100 grams of soil in the solum
Other Features: Some part of the Bt or BC horizon of most pedons commonly has firm or very firm consistence in place
Other Features: Mica flakes range from none to common, and are present only in some pedons
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
A horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
BA or BE horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Bt horizon (upper part):
Color--hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 through 7, and chroma of 3 through 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Bt horizon (lower part):
Color--hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 7, and chroma of 3 through 8, or it is multicolored without dominant matrix hue
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam in most pedons, sandy clay or clay in some pedons
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)-- Iron depletions commonly are below a depth of 36 inches
Btg horizon (if it occurs):
Color-- is neutral or has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 0 through 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam in most pedons, sandy clay or clay in some pedons
BC or CB horizon (if it occurs):
Colorhas hue of 2.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 8, or it is multicolored without dominant matrix hue
Texture (fine-earth fraction)coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam in most pedons, sandy clay or clay in some pedons
BCg or CBg horizon (if it occurs):
Color neutral or has hue of 2.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 0 through 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam in most pedons, sandy clay or clay in some pedons
C horizon:
Color has hue of 2.5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 8, and chroma of 3 through 8, or it is multicolored without dominant matrix hue
Texture (fine-earth fraction) sandy loam through clay
Redoximorphic features -- Most pedons are variegated with iron depletions and accumulations
Cg horizon (if it occurs):
Color neutral or has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 8, and chroma of 0 through 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction) sandy loam through clay
COMPETING SERIES:
Hartsells soils have bedrock at 20 to 40 inches
Kempsville soils-- do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less indicative of wetness within the upper 50 inches of the soil
Smithdale soils-- do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less indicative of wetness within the upper 50 inches of the soil
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: uplands
Geomorphic Component: flats
Parent Material: Marine sediments
Elevation: 20 to 150 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 59 to 62 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 42 to 52 inches
Frost Free Period:
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Bourne soilshave a fragipan
Craven soils-- have a clayey particle-size control section
Goldsboro soils--
Kempsville soils-- do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less indicative of wetness within the upper 50 inches of the soil
Lynchburg soils-- have clay distribution that does not decrease by more than 20 percent of the maximum within 60 inches of the surface
Norfolk soils-- do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less indicative of wetness within the upper 50 inches of the soil
Orangeburg soils-- do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less indicative of wetness within the upper 50 inches of the soil
Roanoke soils-- have a clayey particle-size control section
Suffolk soils-- do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less indicative of wetness within the upper 50 inches of the soil
Wahee soils-- have a clayey particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class (Agricultural): well drained
Index Surface Runoff: medium to high
Internal Free Water Occurrence: moderately deep to deep, common
Permeability: moderately slow to slow
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: crops, some forestry
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated-- peanuts, soybeans, cotton, corn, and tobacco. Where wooded-- loblolly pine, Virginia pine, oaks, hickory, sweet gum, and red maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Atlantic Coastal Plain in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and possibly in Alabama and Georgia
Extent: large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gloucester County, Virginia, 1978.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 15 inches (Ap and E horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 15 to 75 inches (Bt horizons)
Aquic conditions--the soil has redox depletions and concentrations within the upper 24 inches of the argillic horizon, with periodic saturation and reduction at some time during the year
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 60 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data from typical pedon by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, laboratory numbers 75-497,75-506 to 510, and 76-36-6 to 10, and 76-36-17 to 20 verifies classification.
Data Map Unit ID (type location):
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation EMPORIA 0- 50 59- 62 175-205 42- 52 20- 150FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NONE 3.0-4.5 PERCHED NOV-APR 60-60
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- 0-15 L FSL SL 0- 3 80-100 7-18 - 0-15 LFS LS 0- 3 80-100 5-10 - 0-15 GR-L GR-FSL GR-SL 0- 3 50-100 7-18 - 0-15 GR-LFS GR-LS 0- 3 50-100 5-10 - 15-32 SCL SL CL 0- 2 80-100 18-35 - 32-57 SCL CL SC 0- 2 80-100 21-40 - 57-70 SR SL C 0- 5 55-100 5-40 -
Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll 0-15 4.5- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW 0-15 4.5- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW 15-32 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2- 2.0 LOW 32-57 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06- 0.6 MODERATE 57-70 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06- 2.0 MODERATE