LOCATION ESTHERVILLE             MN+IA

Established Series
Rev. AGG-TCJ-TWN
02/2011

ESTHERVILLE SERIES

The Estherville series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in 25 to 50 centimeters of loamy sediments over sandy and gravelly outwash. These soils are on outwash plains, stream terraces, valley trains, and kames on moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 760 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Estherville sandy loam, on a plane slope of about 1 percent, on a glacial outwash plain, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 327 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--18 to 33 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few tongues and channels of black (10YR 2/1) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2); moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw1--33 to 46 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; dark brown (10YR 3/3) on faces of peds; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bw2--46 to 58 centimeters; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2C1--58 to 178 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2), yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 15 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

2C2--178 to 203 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2), brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine (1 to 2 millimeters thick) red (2.5YR 4/6) iron concentrations or lamellae; about 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Steele County, Minnesota subset; about 7 miles south and 5 miles west of Owatonna; located about 1,120 feet west and 300 feet north of the southeast corner of section 11, T. 106 N., R. 21 W.; USGS Hope topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 59 minutes 39 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 18 minutes 36 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mollic epipedon thickness--18 to 49 centimeters
Depth to sandy and gravelly outwash--25 to 50 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--30 to 100 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--3 to 11 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--65 to 95 percent

Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--10 to 18 percent
Sand content--50 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, 2 to 5 millimeters in size, mixed lithology
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--18 to 49 centimeters

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 7.5YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--10 to 18 percent
Sand content--50 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, 2 to 5 millimeters in size, mixed lithology
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--7 to 25 centimeters

2Bw horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR or 7.5YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loamy coarse sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or sand
Clay content--3 to 8 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, 2 to 5 millimeters in size, mixed lithology
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 40 centimeters

Some pedons have a 2Bk horizon

2BC horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loamy coarse sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or sand, gravelly loamy coarse sand, gravelly coarse sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly loamy sand
Clay content--3 to 8 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--10 to 35 percent, 2 to 5 millimeters in size, mixed lithology
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.8
Thickness--0 to 50 centimeters thick

2C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 7
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--coarse sand, sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly coarse sand
Clay content--0 to 5 percent
Sand content--90 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--10 to 35 percent, 2 to 5 millimeters in size, mixed lithology
Reaction--pH 6.6 to 8.4

Some pedons have a rock fragment content of more than 35 percent

Some pedons have thin strata of medium and fine sand and discontinuous strata of gravel or fragments of shale

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Buckney, Burkhardt, Dickman, Mishawaka, Pilot Grove, and Round Lake series.
Buckney--do not have rock fragments in the series control section
Burkhardt--do not have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Dickman--do not have carbonates within a depth of 75 centimeters and have a rock fragment content of 0 to 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Mishawaka--do not have carbonates in the series control section
Pilot Grove--have a sand content of less than 75 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Round Lake--have a sand content of less than 75 percent in the lower third of the series control section and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 1.0 and 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--25 to 50 centimeters of loamy sediments over sandy and gravelly outwash
Landform--outwash plains, stream terraces, valley trains, and kames on moraines
Slope--0 to 70 percent
Elevation--300 to 520 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 940 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 200 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Biscay, Hawick, Linder, and Mayer soils.
Biscay--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated at surface during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Hawick--are on higher landscape positions and have a clay content of 2 to 15 percent in the upper third of the series control section
Linder--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Mayer--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated at surface during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat excessively drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second in the loamy sediments and 10.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second in the outwash

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, grain, and hay. Some areas are irrigated for corn and vegetables. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of tall grass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), and
Iowa and Minnesota Loess Hills (107A)
LRR M; south-central and east-central Minnesota and north-central and western Iowa
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jackson County, Minnesota, 1923.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 33 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 33 to 46 centimeters (Bw1 horizon);
udic moisture regime.

Cation-exchange class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area. 2/3/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.

Taxonomy version--keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.