LOCATION ETTRICK WI
Established Series
Rev. HFG-WDB-GWH
06/2015
ETTRICK SERIES
The Ettrick series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in silty alluvium on flood plains. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the upper part and slow in the lower part. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 30 inches Mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Ettrick silt loam - on a slope of less than 1 percent in a corn field at an elevation of about 890 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium granular and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--10 to 16 inches; black (N 2/0) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular and very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few very fine and fine pores; few prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of iron depletion; about 1 percent black (10YR 2/1) soft accumulations of iron and manganese oxides; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons ranges from 10 to 24 inches.)
Bg1--16 to 20 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; many root channels coated with black (10YR 2/1) soil; few fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; about 1 percent black (10YR 2/1) soft accumulations of iron and manganese oxides; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bg2--20 to 26 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few fine pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 1 percent black (10YR 2/1) and some strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft accumulations of iron and manganese oxides; krotovina filled with black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bg3--26 to 31 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) 50 percent and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) 50 percent, silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; about 5 per cent by volume yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and some strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) segregated iron as pipe stems; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bg4--31 to 35 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; friable; common very fine and few fine roots; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation radiate from old root channels for a distance of 2 mm; few rounded and tubular concretions (iron oxides); neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizons ranges from 15 to 36 inches.)
Cg--35 to 60 inches; gray (N 5/0) silt loam; massive; friable; common fine and very fine roots; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Monroe County, Wisconsin; about 1 1/2 miles west of Ontario; 166 feet north and 1642 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 15 N., R. 2 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the cambic horizon ranges from 30 to 50 inches. Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 24 inches. The particle-size control section averages from 18 to 27 percent clay and from 5 to 15 percent fine sand or coarser. Mean annual soil temperature ranges from 47 to 50 degrees F. These soils do not have coarse fragments. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the solum and from slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the substratum. Free carbonates are absent to at least 60 inches. Redox accumulations are in the lower part of the mollic in some pedons and are throughout the soil below the mollic. Dominant chroma of less than 2 (or of 1 or less depending on hue) is directly below the mollic epipedon. Aquic conditions occur above 1 foot for some time in most years.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR or is neutral in hue. Value is 2 or 3 and chroma is 0 to 2.
The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y or is neutral in hue. Value is 4 to 6 and chroma is 0 to 2. The Bg horizon is typically silt loam but thin subhorizons of silty clay loam are in some pedons. Some pedons have loam texture in the lower part of the Bg horizon below a depth of 40 inches.
The Cg horizon has Hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y or is neutral in hue. Value is 4 to 6 and chroma is 0 to 6. It is commonly silt loam or silt loam stratified with silt or very fine sand or other textures containing more sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Beaucoup,
Blackoar,
Bridgeson,
Gorham,
Leshara,
Lummi,
Sauvie, and
Wapato series. (List assumes that Beaucoup, Bridgeson,
Copperas (T), Leshara,
Sepo (T), and Wapato will be reclassified to Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls.) Beaucoup, Bridgeson, and Gorham soils average 27 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Blackoar, Lummi, Sauvie, and Wapato soils have mean annual soil temperature greater than 50 degrees F. Leshara soils typically have free carbonates within 20 inches and are somewhat poorly drained with aquic conditions at 18 to 36 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Ettrick soils are on flood plains. Slope gradients are 0 to 2 percent. These soils formed primarily in silty alluvium with or without stratification of other textures below a depth of 40 inches. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 51 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 90 to 150 days. Elevation ranges from 700 to 1100 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Bertrand,
Boaz,
Curran,
Jackson,
Lawson, and
Orion soils. The somewhat poorly drained Boaz, Lawson, and Orion soils are nearby on slightly higher elevations on the flood plain. The well drained Bertrand soils, the moderately well drained Jackson soil, and the somewhat poorly drained Curran soils form a drainage sequence on nearby stream terraces.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the upper part and slow in the lower part. This soil is subject to frequent flooding of brief to long duration. The most common months for flooding are November to May but flooding can occur after any period of heavy runoff. This soil has an apparent seasonal high water table from 1 foot above to 1 foot below the surface for long periods in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Some areas of this soil have been drained and protected from flooding and are used for cropland. Corn is the most common crop. Areas subject to frequent flooding or that have not been drained are in native vegetation which consists primarily of sedges, reeds, and marsh grasses with some shrubs and trees such as elderberry, black willow, silver maple, green ash, cottonwood, and red maple. Some areas are used for pastureland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwestern Wisconsin. These soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, 1939.
REMARKS: This soil has been mapped on flood plains and in drains where it is subject to flooding. It has also been mapped on terraces and lake plains where it ponds but does not flood. These areas should be mapped 2 different series. A new series is needed for the soils on terraces and lake basins. It will be a Typic Endoaquoll.
A new series is also needed for the soils mapped as the sandy substratum phase of this series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - 0 to 16 inches (Ap, A); cambic horizon - 16 to 35 inches (Bg1, Bg2, Bg3, Bg4); fluventic feature - irregular decrease of organic carbon with increasing depth; aquic feature - aquic conditions above a depth of 1 foot for some time in most years and dominant chroma of 1 directly below the mollic epipedon.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0233. Soil survey sample number is S77WI-081-007. NSSL sample numbers are 77P2187-77P2194.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.