LOCATION EXCLOSE CA

Established Series
REV: PGN/KDA/MAV
01/2023

EXCLOSE SERIES

The Exclose series consists of very deep, well drained, calcareous soils on mountains. These soils formed in material weathered from marine, calcareous shale. Slope is 30 to 65 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 12 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Calcic Haploxerepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Exclose clay loam - on a north facing slope of 42 percent under soft chess, red brome, ripgut brome and other annual grasses, forbs and shrubs. The elevation is 1,920 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described on April 24, 1984 the soil was slightly moist below 8 inches).

A1--0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent, carbonates disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 7 inches thick)

A2--5 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and fine and few coarse tubular pores; strongly effervescent, carbonates disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)

AB--12 to 19 inches: light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; weak coarse angular blocky structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine, fine and few coarse tubular pores; violently effervescent, carbonates disseminated and segregated as common fine soft threads; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)

Bw--19 to 29 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) sandy clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; violently effervescent, carbonates disseminated and segregated as common fine soft threads; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (9 to 12 inches thick)

Bk1--29 to 43 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; violently effervescent, carbonates disseminated and segregated as common fine soft threads; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 17 inches thick)

Bk2--43 to 84 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) sandy clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; violently effervescent, carbonates disseminated and segreagated as many fine soft masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

TYPE LOCATION: Fresno County, California; approximately 4.7 miles south of Manning Avenue and I-5 interchange. Approximately 1,500 feet north and 2,000 feet west of the southeast corner of section 18, T. 16 S., R. 13 E., MDB&M; Latitude 36 degrees, 32 minutes, 09 seconds north and Longitude 120 degrees, 35 minutes, 35 seconds west; USGS Monocline Ridge Topographic Quadrangle, NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The moisture control section of 6 to 19 inches is moist from January 1 to May 1 and dry from June 1 to October 15 in most years. The soil temperature is above 47 degrees F from February 15 to December 15. The mean annual soil temperature is 60 to 65 degrees F. Calcium carbonate equivalent has less than 5 percent increase over any underlying horizons.

The A horizon has color of 10YR 5/3, 6/2, 6/3; 2.5Y 5/2, 6/2 or 6/4. Moist color is 10YR 4/2, 4/3, 4/4; 2.5Y 4/2 or 4/4. Organic matter content is 1 to 3 percent. Texture is loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam. Clay content is 25 to 35 percent. It is slightly effervescent to violently effervescent. Calcium carbonate equivalent is 1 to 3 percent.

The Bw horizon has color of 10YR 6/2, 7/2; 2.5Y 6/2, 6/4 or 7/2. Moist color is 10YR 4/2, 5/2, 5/4; 2.5Y 4/4 or 5/4. Color values are usually 1 unit higher than the A horizon. Organic matter content 0.5 to 1 percent. Texture is loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam. Clay content is 25 to 35 percent. Calcium carbonate equivalent is 2 to 7 percent.

The Bk horizon has color of 10YR 7/2; 2.5Y 6/2, 7/0, 7/2 or 7/3. Moist color is 10YR 5/2; 2.5Y 4/2, 4/4, 5/2 or 5/4. Organic matter content is 0.1 to 1 percent. Texture is loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam. Clay content is 25 to 35 percent. Calcium carbonate equivalent is 5 to 10 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chanac, Paver, Polonio and Vernalis soils. Chanac soils (MLRA 17, 18), on old terraces, have a Bt horizon and have color hues of 7.5YR or 10YR. Paver, Polonio and Vernalis soils (MLRA 17), on alluvial fans, are formed in alluvium with slopes less than 9 percent, and are deeper than 60 inches. Paver soils do not have carbonates in the A horizon. Polonio soils have slightly hard or hard dry consistence in the A horizon. Vernalis soils have Bt horizons.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Exclose soils are on mountains. Slope is 30 to 65 percent. Elevation is 600 to 3,130 feet. The soils formed in material weathered from marine calcareous shale. The climate is semiarid with hot dry summers and cool moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 9 to 13 inches. Mean January temperature is 46 degrees F; mean July temperature is 81 degrees F; mean annual temperature is 59 to 63 degrees F. The frost-free season is 200 to 270.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Belgarra , Borreguero, Grazer, Monoridge and Monvero soils. Belgarra soils, on erosional fan remnants on mountains, have a fine particle-size control section and have a gypsic horizon. Borreguero soils, on escarpments and mountain slopes on mountains, have a paralithic contact from 10 to 20 inches. Grazer soils, on mountains, have a fine particle-size control section and have a paralithic contact from 40 to 60 inches. Monoridge soils, on escarpments and mountain slopes on mountains, are sandy textured, and have a paralithic contact from 20 to 40 inches. Monvero soils, on dune fields on mountains, are sandy textured.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; very high runoff; moderately slow permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is soft chess, red brome, ripgut brome, filaree and other annual grasses and forbs with scattered shrubs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils are on the eastern edge of the California Coast Ranges. They are moderately extensive. MLRA 15.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fresno County, California, 2002. Name is coined.

REMARKS: These soils were formerly mapped as Kettleman soils in the published report, soil survey of Western Fresno, 1967. They are being differentiated by having a xeric moisture regime and being deeper than 40 inches.

Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized within the profile are:

1. OCHRIC EPIPEDON--0 to 12 inches (A1 and A2 horizons)

2. CAMBIC HORIZON--19 to 29 inches (Bw horizon)

ADDITIONAL DATA: Pedons S87CA-019-028 (taxadjunct 1513-1520) and
S86CA-019-048 (taxadjunct 1219-1220) from the Fresno County, California, Western Part Soil Survey were analyzed by the NSSL, Lincoln, NE.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.