LOCATION FELDHAUSER MI

Established Series
Rev. JOW-WEF-MLK
08/2012

FELDHAUSER SERIES

The Feldhauser series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy till or glaciofluvial deposits underlain by sandy material. These soils are on remnant moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 813 mm (32 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 6.1 degrees C (43 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Oxyaquic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Feldhauser fine sandy loam, on a 2 percent slope in a cultivated field on a moraine at an elevation of about 408 meters (1,340 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 cm (10 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 inches) thick]

Bw1--25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--46 to 53 cm (18 to 21 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 18 to 58 cm (7 to 23 inches).]

B/E--53 to 76 cm (21 to 30 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt); occupies about 85 percent of the horizon surrounded by brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry (E); moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in root channels; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [23 to 41 cm (9 to 16 inches) thick]

Bt--76 to 99 cm (30 to 39 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in root channels; few fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron throughout; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 69 cm (6 to 27 inches) thick]

2E and Bt--99 to 137 cm (39 to 54 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry (E);weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; loose; with lamellae of strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand (Bt); weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common clay bridging between sand grains; lamellae are 6 mm to 5 cm (1/4 to 2 inches) thick; about 10 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [20 to 76 cm (8 to 30 inches) thick]

2C--137 to 203 cm (54 to 80 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Crawford County, Michigan; about 3 miles east of the village of Frederic; 2,550 feet west and 900 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 28 N., R. 3 W., Maple Forest Township; USGS Big Bradford Lake 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 47 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 40 minutes 32 seconds W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to lamellae: 76 to more than 203 cm (30 to more than 80 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 89 to more than 152 cm (35 to more than 60 inches)
Depth to redox concentrations: 64 to 102 cm (25 to 40 inches)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles throughout; total rock fragments range from 0 to 10 percent

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Undisturbed areas have a thin O horizon overlying an A horizon. Some pedons have a thin E horizon below an A horizon. The E horizon is strongly acid to neutral.

Bw1 horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bw2 horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt part of the B/E horizon, and the Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
E part of the B/E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Sand content: less than 50 percent very fine sand
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Consistence: firm when moist and hard and brittle when dry
Reaction of the B/E horizon: strongly acid to slightly acid
Reaction of the Bt horizon: strongly acid to neutral

Some pedons have an E/B horizon.

E part of the 2E and Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sand or loamy sand

Bt part of the 2E and Bt horizon: consists of lamellae (3 mm to 5 cm (1/8 to 2 inches) thick
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

2C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Feldhauser soils are on remnant moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. The Feldhauser soils formed in loamy till or glaciofluvial deposits underlain by sandy material. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 864 mm (30 to 34 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 4.4 to 7.2 degrees C (40 to 45 degrees F). Elevation is 366 to 457 meters (1200 to 1500 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blue Lake, Graycalm, Kalkaska, Montcalm, and Rubicon soils. The well drained Blue Lake and Montcalm soils and the somewhat excessively drained Graycalm soils have sandy textures in the upper part of the profile and occur on similar landscape positions. The somewhat excessively drained Kalkaska and the excessively drained Rubicon soils are sandy throughout and occur on similar landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The water table perches for a very short duration (3 to 5 weeks) in the spring and fall. Saturation occurs above the 2E and Bt horizon. Once saturation occurs above this point, the tension zone is broken and water moves readily downward. Potential for surface runoff is low or medium depending on slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the loamy material and high or very high in the sandy material. Permeability is moderate in the loamy material and rapid in the sandy material.

USE AND VEGETATION: Areas of this soil are about equally divided between cropland and woodland. Where cultivated, the principal crop is hay. Native forest vegetation includes sugar maple, American basswood, American beech, yellow birch, eastern hop hornbeam, and bigtooth aspen.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 94A in northern Lower Michigan. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Crawford County, Michigan, 1992.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 25 cm (10 inches) (Ap horizon).
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 25 to 53 cm (10 to 21 inches) (Bw horizon).
Glossic horizon: from a depth of 53 to 76 cm (21 to 30 inches) (B/E horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 53 to 137 cm (21 to 54 inches) (Bt part of the B/E horizon, Bt horizon, and Bt part of the 2E and Bt horizon).
Oxyaquic feature: redox concentrations in the Bt horizon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: See NSSL S92MI-039-001 for laboratory data sampled in nearby wooded area.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.