LOCATION FENELON                 NV

Established Series
Rev. DWW/RLB/JBF
01/2019

FENELON SERIES

The Fenelon series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium derived from siltstone, tuffs and sandstone with a component of loess and volcanic ash. The Fenelon soils are on side slopes of hills. Slopes are 4 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 300 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 6 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calciargidic Argixerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Fenelon silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is partially covered with 20 percent gravel.

A1--0 to 8 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 15 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

A2--8 to 15 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak thin platy structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 cm thick)

Btk1--15 to 28 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly silty clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on ped faces and lining pores; 20 percent gravel; thin carbonate coats on undersides of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

Btk2--28 to 38 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly silty clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak moderate angular blocky structure; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; common thin clay films on ped faces and lining pores; 15 percent gravel; few faint carbonate filaments and thin carbonate coats on undersides of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 13 cm thick)

Btk3--38 to 58 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak moderate subangular block structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 20 percent gravel; common distinct clay films on ped faces and lining pores; thin carbonate coats on undersides of rock fragments; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

Btk4--58 to 94 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly silty clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive, 40 percent rock structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, few fine and medium roots; many very fine interstitial, few very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct clay films on ped faces and lining pores; common fine irregularly shaped carbonate seams, thin carbonate coats on undersides of rock fragments; 25 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 18 cm thick)

Cr--94 to 127 cm; pale red (2.5YR 7/2) soft siltstone, weak red (2.5YR 5/2) moist.

TYPE LOCATION: Elko County, Nevada; approximately 18 miles northeast of Wells in the Windemere Hills, about 2,375 feet west and 600 feet south of the northeast corner, sec. 12, T. 39 N., R. 64 E; USGS Wine Cup Ranch SW 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 17 minutes 02 seconds N and longitude 114 degrees 41 minutes 06 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 41.2838889 latitude, -114.6850000 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in winter and spring, dry from mid June through October; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 7 to 8 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 25 to 40 cm, includes the upper part of the argillic horizon.
Depth to paralithic contact: 50 to 100 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent, mainly gravel.

A horizon
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Consistence: Soft or slightly hard dry.

Btk1 and Btk2 horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Texture: Gravelly silty clay loam, gravelly clay loam.
Structure: Weak or moderate, subangular blocky or angular blocky.

Btk3 and Btk4 horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Texture: Gravelly silty clay loam, gravelly clay loam.
Structure: Weak or moderate subangular blocky or it is massive.
Rock structure is common in most subhorizons above the paralithic contact.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dishpan, Eldgin, Shenon, Singletree, Techick and Techicknot series.

Dishpan soils have Bqk horizon over bedrock that is at 50 to 100 cm. Eldgin, Shenon, Techick and Techicknot soils are over 150 cm deep. Singletree soils are over 100 cm deep

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Fenelon soils are on side slopes of hills. These soils formed in residuum and colluvium derived from siltstone, tuffs and sandstone with a component of loess and volcanic ash. Slopes are 4 to 30 percent. Elevations are 1,865 to 2,045 meters. The climate is cool, semiarid with warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 250 to 360 mm; mean annual temperature is 4 to 7 degrees C, and the frost-free season is 70 to 100 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Booford, Cotant, Gochea and Scalfar soils. The Booford and Cotant soils have clayey argillic horizons. Gochea and Scalfar soils are very deep. In addition, Gochea soils have durinodes and Scalfar soils have 35 to 60 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; rapid runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly black sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass and Thurber needlegrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 25.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elko County, Nevada, northeast part, 1986.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 38 cm (A1, A2, Btk1 and Btk2 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 15 to 94 cm (Btk1, Btk2, Btk3 and Btk4 horizons).
Soft powdery carbonate - The zone from 58 to 94 (Btk4 horizon).
Paralithic contact - The boundary at 94 cm (Cr layer).
Particle-size control section - The zone from about 15 cm to 66 cm (Btk1, Btk2, Btk3 and part of the Btk4 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.