LOCATION FINNEY WA
Established Series
Rev. RJR/TLA
01/2011
FINNEY SERIES
The Finney series consists of deep, well drained soils formed in colluvium and residuum from metasedimentary rock with minor amounts of glacial till and a mantle of volcanic ash. These soils are on upper backslopes and shoulders of mountains. Slopes are 15 to 65 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 30 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 39 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic Haploxerandic Haplocryepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Finney gravelly ashy sandy loam - forestland, on a 44 percent northwest-facing slope at an elevation of 4,600 feet. (When described on July 26, 1993 the soil was moist throughout. Colors are for dry soils unless otherwise stated. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oe--0 to 1 inch; moderately decomposed organic matter consisting of needles and twigs.
A--1 to 3 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly ashy sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic and weakly smeary; common fine and very fine, and few medium and coarse roots; many fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
Bw--3 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly ashy sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic and weakly smeary; many fine and medium, and common coarse roots; many fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
2C1--11 to 22 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) very gravelly sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common fine and medium roots; common fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary.
2C2--22 to 33 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) very gravelly sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; common fine irregular pores; 50 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined 2C horizon is 20 to 45 inches thick)
3C3--33 to 44 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam, light olive brown 2.5Y 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few medium roots; common fine irregular pores; 55 percent angular gravel and 3 percent angular cobbles; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt irregular boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
3R--44 inches; metasedimentary bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Okanogan County, Washington; about 6 miles northwest of the town of Conconully and 2 miles south of Salmon Meadows on the Coxit Mountain USGS topographic quadrangle. (Latitude 48 degrees 37' 36" N. and Longitude 119 degrees 50' 39" W NAD 83.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 37 to 43 degrees F. Mean summer soil temperature is 42 to 46 degrees F. These soils are usually moist but are dry in all parts of the moisture control section for 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice. Depth to bedrock is 40 to 60 inches. Thickness of the solum and volcanic ash mantle is 7 to 14 inches, and has an estimated moist bulk density of 0.75 to 0.95 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 30 to 60 percent, acid-oxalate extractable iron of 1.0 to 2.0 percent, and 15-bar water retention of 8 to 12 percent for air dried samples. The particle-size control section averages 35 to 70 percent rock fragments and 5 to 18 percent clay. Some pedons have a thin C horizon under the A horizon.
The A horizon has value of 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist and chroma of 2 to 4 dry or moist.
The Bw horizon has value of 6 or 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist and chroma of 3 or 4 dry or moist. It has 15 to 30 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 3 to 6 dry or moist. It is very gravelly sandy loam or very cobbly sandy loam. It averages 35 to 60 percent rock fragments, with 25 to 50 percent pebbles and 0 to 25 percent cobbles and 0 to 5 percent stones. Reaction is slightly acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Buhrig,
Buttoncreek,
Devore,
Holloway,
Hun,
Moses,
Myerscreek,
Otwin,
Petty,
Phillcher,
Prouty,
Remmel,
Surgh,
Venson, and
Waldbillig series. The Buhrig, Devore, Otwin and Venson soils are 20 to 40 inches to a lithic contact. Holloway and Petty soils have 2E&Bt horizons. Hun soils are loamy sand or coarse sand in the fine earth fraction of the 2C horizon. The Moses and Prouty soils are 20 to 40 inches to a paralithic contact. Myerscreek soils have Cd horizons of dense glacial till and 2 to 6 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Phillcher soils have an average annual soil temperature of 35 to 38 degrees F. and are dry for less than 45 consecutive days. Surgh soils are dry in the moisture control section for 60 to 75 days, and the acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron is greater than 2.0 percent. Waldbillig soils have lamellae and a very hard 2E and Bt horizon. Buttoncreet and Remmel soils are very deep to bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Finney soils are on upper backslopes and shoulders of mountains at elevations of 4,400 to 5,500 feet. Slopes are 15 to 65 percent. These soils formed from colluvium and residuum from metasedimentary rock with minor glacial till influence and a mantle of volcanic ash. The climate is characterized by cool, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The mean annual precipitation is 25 to 35 inches. The mean January temperature is 18 to 22 degrees F., and the mean July temperature is 52 to 58 degrees F. The mean annual temperature is 37 to 42 degrees F. The frost-free season is 70 to 90 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Coxit,
Manley,
Nahahum, and the competing
Myerscreek series. Coxit soils are on backslopes of mountains and are frigid. Manley soils are on glaciated backslopes of mountains and have a volcanic ash cap 14 to 22 inches thick. Nahahum soils are on backslopes of mountains and are fine-loamy and frigid.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, rapid to very rapid runoff; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for timber production, wildlife habitat, recreation, watershed, and livestock grazing. Native vegetation is subalpine fir, western larch, Douglas-fir and Engelmann spruce with an understory longtube twinflower, black mountain huckleberry, sidebells pyrola, western meadowrue, and pachystima.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northcentral Washington. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Okanogan National Forest, Okanogan County, Washington, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
Ochric epipedon - 1 to 3 inches (A horizon)
Cambic horizon - 3 to 11 inches (Bw horizon)
PSCS - zone from 11 to 41 inches (2C1, 2C2, and part of the 3C horizon) The layer from 1 to 11 inches is formed in volcanic ash and has andic soil properties. A lithic contact of metasedimentary rock is at 44 inches.
Depths to diagnostic horizons and features are measured from the top of the first mineral horizon.
Further investigation is needed as to a udic soil moisture regime.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.